mochi thinking

BY THE TSUREZUREGUSA OF KENKO SELECTIONS TRANSLATED BY DONALD KEENE

2012-03-15T01:59:00.002+09:00

In Tsurezuredusa (徒然草 Essays in Idleness), Kenkō (兼好 1283-1350/52)
http://distance.uaf.edu/cc/engl200x/kenko-essays-idleness-keene.pdf

ESSAYS IN IDLENESS
BY THE TSUREZUREGUSA OF KENKO
SELECTIONS TRANSLATED BY DONALD KEENE
What a st r ange, demented feeling it gives me when I realize I have spent whole days before this inkstone, with nothing better to do, jotting down at random whatever nonsensical thoughts have entered my head.
1
It is enough, it would seem, to have been born into this world for a man to desire many things. The position of the emperor, of course, is far too exalted for our aspirations. Even the remote descendants of the imperial line are sacred, for they are not of the seed of man. Ordinary nobles of a rank that entitles them to retainers—let alone those who stand in the solitary grandeur of the chancellor—appear most impressive, and even their children and grandchildren, though their fortunes may decline, still possess a distinctive elegance. Persons of lower rank, fortunate enough to achieve some success in keeping with their station, are apt to wear looks of self-satisfaction and no doubt consider themselves most important, but actually they are quite insignificant.
No one is less to be envied than a priest. Sei Shonagon wrote of priests that they seemed to outsiders 'like sticks of wood," an apt description. The clerics impress nobody, even when they flaunt their authority and their importance is loudly proclaimed. It is easy to see why the holy man Soga should have said that worldly fame is unseemly in priests, and that those who seek it violate the teachings of Buddha: A true hermit might, in fact, seem more admirable.
It is desirable that a man's face and figure be of excelling beauty. I could sit forever with a man,
provided that what he said did not grate on my ears, that he had charm, and that he did not talk very much. What an unpleasant experience it is when someone you have supposed to be quite distinguished reveals his true, inferior nature. A man's social position and looks are likely to be determined at birth, but why should not a man's mind go from wisdom to greater wisdom if it is so disposed? What a shame it is when men of excellent appearance and character prove hopelessly inept in social encounters with their inferiors in both position and appearance, solely because they are badly educated.
A familiarity with orthodox scholarship, the ability to compose poetry and prose in Chinese, a knowledge of Japanese poetry and music are all desirable, and if a man can serve as a model to others in matters of precedent and court ceremony, he is truly impressive. The mark of an excellent man is that he writes easily in an acceptable hand, sings agreeably and in tune, and, though appearing reluctant to accept when wine is pressed on him, is not a teetotaler.

7
If man were never to fade away like the dews of Adashino, never to vanish like the smoke over Toribeyama, but lingered on forever in the world, how things would lose their power to move us! The most precious thing in life is its uncertainty. Consider living creatures—none lives so long as man. The May fly waits not for the evening, the summer cicada knows neither spring nor autumn. What a wonderfully unhurried feeling it is to live even a single year in perfect serenity! If that is not enough for you, you might live a thousand years and still feel it was but a single night's dream. We cannot live forever in this world; why should we wait for ugliness to overtake us? The longer man lives, the more shame he endures. To die, at the latest, before one reaches forty, is the least unattractive. Once a man passes that age, he desires (with no sense of shame over his appearance) to mingle in the company of others. In his sunset years he dotes on his grandchildren, and prays for long life so that he may see them prosper. His preoccupation with worldly desires grows ever deeper, and gradually he loses all sensitivity to the beauty of things, a lamentable state of affairs.

8
Nothing leads a man astray so easily as sexual desire. What a foolish thing a man's heart is! Though we realize, for example, that fragrances are short-lived and the scent burnt into clothes lingers but briefly, how our hearts always leap when we catch a whiff of an exquisite perfume! The holy man of Kume lost his magic powers after noticing the whiteness of the legs of a girl who was washing clothes; this was quite understandable, considering that the glowing plumpness of her arms, legs, and flesh owed nothing to artifice.
10
A house, I know, is but a temporary abode, but how delightful it is to find one that has harmonious
proportions and a pleasant atmosphere. One feels somehow that even moonlight, when it shines into the quiet domicile of a person of taste, is more affecting than elsewhere. A house, though it may not be in the current fashion or elaborately decorated, will appeal to us by its unassuming beauty—a grove of trees with an indefinably ancient look; a garden where plants, growing of their own accord, have a special charm; a verandah and an open-work wooden fence of interesting construction; and a few personal effects left carelessly lying about, giving the place an air of having been lived in. A house which multitudes of workmen have polished with every care, where strange and rare Chinese and Japanese furnishings are displayed, and even the grasses and trees of the garden have been trained unnaturally, is ugly to look at and most depressing. How could anyone live for long in such a place? The most casual glance will suggest how likely such a house is to turn in a moment to smoke.
A man's character, as a rule, may be known from the place where he lives. The Gotokudaiji minister
1
stretched a rope across his roof to keep the kites from roosting. Saigyo
2
, seeing the rope, asked, "Why should it bother him if kites perch there? That shows you the kind of man this prince is." I have heard that Saigyo never visited him again. I remembered this story not long ago when I noticed a rope stretched over the roof of the Kosaka palace,
3
where Prince Ayanokoji
4
lives. Someone told me that,
as a matter of fact, it distressed the prince to see how crows clustering on the roof would swoop down to seize frogs in the pond. The story impressed me, and made me wonder if Sanesada may not also have had some such reason.
11
About the tenth month I had the occasion to visit a village beyond the place called Kurusuno. I made my way far down a moss-covered path until I reached a lonely-looking hut. Not a sound could be heard, except for the dripping of a water pipe buried in fallen leaves. Sprays of chrysanthemum and red maple leaves had been carelessly arranged on the holy-water shelf. Evidently somebody was living here.
Moved, I was thinking, "One can live even in such a place," when I noticed in the garden beyond a great tangerine tree, its branches bent with fruit, that had been enclosed by a forbidding fence. Rather disillusioned, I thought now, "If only the tree had not been there!"
22
In all things I yearn for the past. Modern fashions seem to keep on growing more and more debased. I find that even among the splendid pieces of furniture built by our master abinetmakers, those in the old forms are the most pleasing. And as for writing letters, surviving scraps from the past reveal how superb the phrasing used to be. The ordinary spoken language has also steadily coarsened. People used

1
Fujiwara no Sanesada (1139-91), a poet.
2
Saigyo (1118-90), one of the greatest Japanese poets.
3
Another name for the Tendai temple Myoho-in. Some scholars read the name as Osaka.
4
The prince was a son of the Emperor Kameyama (1249-1305), and was also known by his
Buddhist name, Shoe. An imperial prince still resides at Myoho-in.to say "raise the carriage shafts" or "trim the lamp wick," but people today say "raise it" or "trim it."
When they should say, "Let the men of the palace staff stand forth!" they say, "Torches! Let's have
some light!" Instead of calling the place where the lectures on the Sutra of the Golden Light are
delivered before the emperor "the Hall of the Imperial Lecture," they shorten it to "the Lecture Hall," a deplorable corruption, an old gentleman complained.
29
When I sit down in quiet meditation, the one emotion hardest to fight against is a longing in all things for the past. After the others have gone to bed, I pass the time on a long autumn's night by putting in order whatever belongings are at hand. As I tear up scraps of old correspondence I should prefer not to leave behind, I sometimes find among them samples of the calligraphy of a friend who has died, or pictures he drew for his own amusement, and I feel exactly as I did at the time. Even with letters written by friends who are still alive I try, when it has been long since we met, to remember the circumstances, the year. What a moving experience that is! It is sad to think that a man's familiar possessions, indifferent to his death, should remain unaltered long after he is gone.
32
About the twentieth of the ninth month, at the invitation of a certain gentleman, I spent the night
wandering with him viewing the moon. He happened to remember a house we passed on the way,
and, having himself announced, went inside. In a corner of the overgrown garden heavy with dew, I
caught the faint scent of some perfume which seemed quite accidental. This suggestion of someone living in retirement from the world moved me deeply.
In due time, the gentleman emerged, but I was still under the spell of the place. As I gazed for a while at the scene from the shadows, someone pushed the double doors open a crack wider, evidently to look at the moon. It would have been most disappointing if she had bolted the doors as soon as he had gone! How was she to know that someone lingering behind would see her? Such a gesture could only have been the product of inborn sensitivity.
I heard that she died not long afterwards.

Armillary sphere 渾天儀 혼천의

2012-03-14T19:53:00.000+09:00

혼천의

朝鮮の天文期で(自体発明品)
http://bbs.enjoykorea.jp/tbbs/read.php?board_id=thistory&page=2&nid=1439866&st=title&sw=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87
↓
[北京]現存する世界最古の天文台古観象台
http://www.chainavi.jp/column/viewer.aspx?id=1785
北京古観象台
http://homepage3.nifty.com/Ogino/gijutu/china.htm
↓
鄭鍾福議員、貨幤デザイン自問義務化推進
貨幤デザインを新たに作る時、必ず専門家に自問を受けるようにする法案が国会に提出された。
ハンナラ党鄭鍾福(チョン・ジョンボク)議員は、韓国銀行傘下に歴史、文化財、美術分野専門家で
構成された貨幤図案諮問委員会を置いて、貨幤図案を行う際には必ず、委員会自問を通すように
する内容の韓国銀行法改正案を提出した。
最近新たに発行された萬ウォン紙幤の裏に描かれた『渾天儀』に対し、一部史学者たちから韓国民
の発明品ではなく中国から由来した物だという主張が上がり議論を呼んだ。
http://contents.innolife.net/news/list.php?ac_id=1&ai_id=69075
↓
韓国の新紙幣に中国の「渾天儀」同国で議論呼ぶ
http://www.pekinshuho.com/sh/txt/2007-01/25/content_53720.htm
http://www.pekinshuho.com/sh/image/site43/20070125/000874ac39530722a8ae02.jpg
渾天儀は「渾儀」と「渾象」の総称。「渾儀」は天体の球面座標を計測する機器。「渾象」は古代人
が天文現象を再現した機器で、太陽や月、星など天体の位置と運動規律を具体的に理解できる。
いずれも中国の後漢時代の天文学者・張衡が開発したといわれる。韓国にもいわゆる独特の
「渾天表」があるが、渾天儀はもともと中国の天文機器だと考えられているため、それを紙幣に
用いれば、韓国を代表する科学成果だと誤解される恐れがある。

ソウル大学歴史学部の教授は銀行の配慮のなさを厳しく批判し、「渾天儀は中国に由来するため、
韓国の通貨に用いることはできない」と指摘する。

Armillary sphere and Sun dial were invented by Korean? 日時計と天文儀器は朝鮮人の発明（大王世宗）

2012-03-14T19:52:00.000+09:00

蒋英実蔣英實 장영실 しょう・えいじつチャン・ヨンシル Jang Yeong-sil
1390年頃 - 1450年頃

大王世宗（テワンセジョン 대왕세종

A Korean sundial first made by Jang Yeong-sil during the Joseon Dynasty, displayed in Gyeongbokgung.

父は中国から帰化した蔵書（産チャン氏の始祖）の8世孫に高麗末の手紙第一であり母はドンレヒョン官妓で、高麗から朝鮮に移る混乱期に母とチャンヨンシルは、朝鮮の官奴に転落したと主張している。(from hangul wiki)

i read english wiki, but the articles are written by korean pride, reference with korean darama Great king Sejong. not be suprised, its normal korean works.

http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/sinboj/j-2007/06/0706j1207-00002.htm

このように世宗時代の輝かしい科学技術発展の一翼を担い従３品「大護軍」まで昇りつめた蒋英実であるが、１４４２年に突然の不幸に見舞われる。彼の監督下で製造された王の輿が破損し不敬罪に問われたのである。もともと、官奴出身の彼を重用することに反対の者も多く、世宗も鞭打ち２００杖の刑を１００杖に減刑するに留まった。英明な王といわれた世宗であるが所詮は封建社会の統治者であり、彼から見れば蒋英実は一介の技術者にすぎなかったのか？　あるいは、王への不敬というのはそれほどに重い罪なのか、以後、蒋英実の名前が歴史の舞台に登場することはなかった。（任正爀、朝鮮大学校理工学部教授）

［朝鮮新報 2007.12.7］

oldest waterwheel in japan Asakura

2012-03-14T19:51:00.001+09:00

柳橋水車図屏風
長谷川等伯

http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/hehualu2000jp/34299398.html

http://www.wao.or.jp/aiso/tales/07/index.html

宇治紀行
― その7 ―
The City of Power Station ≈≈≈ UJI ≈≈≈
パワースティション（発電所）の町～宇治市
柳橋水車図と筒車（つつぐるま）

宇治橋を背景に川風に揺れる柳、水車を描いた「柳橋水車図」は宇治川周辺の風景として知られていました。古来より、川風（川霧）・水車（筒車）・網代木などは、宇治の風物詩でした。

↑早瀬を利用して川水を汲上げている水車

安土桃山時代に描かれた長谷川等伯の「宇治川柳橋水車屏風」を
ヒントを得て動画にしました。

★ The City of Power Station ≈≈≈ UJI

古くは『万葉集』『古事記』『日本書紀』に始まり、『源氏物語』や『平家物語』の素材になった宇治は、いにしえより都の人々の心をとらえ、和歌に絵画にさまざまな作品が伝わります。柳、橋、水車、この三つが描かれていれば、それは宇治だといわれたほどで、特に有名なのが、安土桃山時代に長谷川等伯が描いた『柳橋水車図（りゅうきょうすいしゃず）』で、その典型的な作品です。

http://www.geocities.jp/ezoushijp/tureduregusa.html

宇治の先人の里人の匠の技
徒然草／第五十一段
亀山殿の御池に大井川の水をまかせられんとて、大井の土民におほせて、水車をつくらせられけり。多くの錢を給ひて、數日にいとなみいだしてかけたりけるに、大方めぐらざりければ、とかくなほしけれども、終にまはらで、徒らにたてりけり。さて、宇治の里人を召してこしらへさせられければ、やすらかにゆひて參らせたりけるが、思ふやうにめぐりて、水をくみ入るゝ事めでたかりけり。萬に其の道を知れる者は、やんごとなきものなり。

宇治と水車にまつわるお話が吉田兼好の『徒然草』の五十一段に登場します。嵐山の大堰川の里人に水車を作らせたところ、うまくいかず、宇治の里人を召集して作らせると、容易く水車を作り、しかも見事に水を汲み入れたというものです。何事につけてもその道を究めた者はすばらしく、その専門家に任すべきだと、宇治の里人の水車作りの技術を称えています。

当時、宇治では宇治川の急流を利用して、筒車（つつぐるま）と呼ばれる水車が造られ、それによって平等院の阿字池や近隣の田畑に豊富な水を供給していました。柳に水車の風情こそ在りし日の面影を偲ぶばかりですが、豊かな宇治川の流れは今も健在で、宇治市には、宇治発電所、天ヶ瀬発電所、喜撰山揚水式発電所の三つ水力発電所があり、電力を供給しています。

京都の近代化産業遺産＝宇治発電所
京都府と滋賀県の共同出資により設立された宇治川電気株式会社により「宇治発電所」ができたのは、1913年（大正2年）のこと。1908年（明治41年）2月に着工。完成までには5年を要し、大陸からも多くの労働力が徴用されました。その重労働にたえかねて川畔まで逃げてきた労働者に鮎宗の先々代留吉は食べ物をほどこしたと、亡き叔母まさより聞いております。当時、宇治町は電気代が安かったといわれています。変電所が宇治橋通りにありました。その後、宇治川電気株式会社は戦中戦後の電力会社統廃合により関西電力株式会社となり、今も稼働しています。
宇治発電所につづいて、志津川発電所、大峰発電所が造られ、“おとぎ電車”も走っていましたが、1963年（昭和38年）天ヶ瀬発電所の完成により、これらは埋没しました。旧志津川発電所のレンガのたたずまいが吊り橋より上流の白虹橋たもとに残っています。大峰発電所は宵待橋の辺りにあり、当時の宵待橋は、川面に近く今より低い位置にありました。
また、近年までは巨椋（おぐら）池や宇治橋下流の黄檗あたりには水車がかけられていて、水田に水を供給していました。

宇治発電所
（2006宇治灯り絵巻の時の様子）　そもそも宇治発電所は琵琶湖との落差75mを利用したもので、瀬田川洗堰から支水した水でタービンは水車と同じようにタテに回転しています。宇治川の上流にあたる琵琶湖の瀬田は大阪城天守閣の高さがちょうど同じくらいで、瀬田川を渡る東海道新幹線はその天守閣の上程の高さを走っていることになります。
また、宇治市内にはユニチカ宇治事業所内にも天然ガスの自家発電設備が導入され、天ヶ瀬ダムと同量の電力を発電しているとともに、それは奈良県全域のガスの消費量とほぼ同じ量にあたります。
今もなお、そしてこれからも、宇治は“パワースティションの町”なのです。

三連水車

朝倉市菱野

寛政元年（１７８９）には設置されていたとの記録があり、日本最古の実働する水車として、また朝倉地方の夏の風物詩として全国的にも有名で、平成２年「堀川用水及び揚水車」として国の史跡に指定されました。

http://saikotravel.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2007-10-10
日本最古の水車は新しかった　[最古巡礼]

水車　1789~

週刊新潮の連載は,福岡県・朝倉郡にある水車からスタートしました。
現地に到着しての第一印象は、ァ、新しい！なぜ、この水車が最古なのか,しばし呆然状態....。
「５年に一度、作り替えられるんです。」観光協会の説明でようやく,ひと安心した取材班でした。
設置されたのは、1789年（寛政元年）、それから二百余年、５年に一度、
現在も専門の大工さんにより作り替えられる「継続の最古」なのである。（新書未掲載）

http://www.geocities.jp/shimizuke1955/309suisya.html

http://www.geocities.jp/shimizuke1955/3070ryukotsu.html

http://www.aquas5.com/knowledge/32/001927.php

水車
お蕎麦屋さんや旅館等で目にした事のある水車。
しかし、昔ながらの本来の役割を果たしている水車を、
現在ではほとんど目にすることはありません。
今回はそんな水車について調べてみました。

●水車とは
水車は、川などの水の流れを利用して車を回転させエネルギー
を発生させる一種の原動機。
電動機や蒸気機関が普及するまでは、揚水・脱穀・製粉・製糸など広く使用されていました。

●水車の歴史
水車は、古代メソポタミア時代に発明されたと考えられ、
農地灌漑のために使用されていたとの記録が残っています。

しかし奴隷労働の豊富な古代ローマ社会においては、　
滅多に使われない機械としており、あまり普及はしなかったようです。

日本では「日本書紀」において推古18年(610年)に
高句麗（こうくり）から来た僧曇徴（どんちょう）が、
碾磑(てんがい)という水車で動く臼を造ったといわれ、
平安時代の天長6年(829年)良峯安世が諸国に
灌漑用水車を作らせたとあります。

また、鎌倉時代の「徒然草」には
宇治川沿の住民が水車を造る話があり
室町時代には朝鮮使節が日本の水車を見て
技術を持ち帰ろうとしたとの記録があります。

動力水車の使用は江戸時代になってからといわれ、
白米を食する習慣の広がりとともに、精米・穀物製粉のために使用されていたようです。

水という自然のエネルギーを利用し、環境にやさしい水車。
こうした現在、私たちも見直さなくてはいけないなと考えさせられました。

投稿者アクアス総研 : 2011年10月 3日 10:43

http://www.ishiyamadera.or.jp/blog/cat15/index_8.html

http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/hehualu2000jp/archive/2006/07/03

石山寺縁起絵巻

石山寺縁起絵巻〔いしやまでらえんぎえまき〕は、良弁僧正の石山寺創建から始まる寺の縁起や、本尊のあらたかな霊験の数々を記した全七巻の紙本着色絵巻物です。紫式部が源氏物語を書いた場所としても知られる大津市の石山寺は、近江を代表する名刹です。14世紀前半に成立した『石山寺縁起絵巻』は、寺の創建の由来と、本尊である如意輪観音にちなむ霊験説話を集成したもので、国の重要文化財に指定されています。

1、街道をゆく馬借

近江国石山寺の縁起や信仰を伝える、鎌倉時代末期成立の「石山寺縁起絵巻」に描かれた　近江坂本の馬借。中世の内陸部交通は河川が重要な役割を果たしており、三国湊は坂井郡金津・足羽郡北庄・府中・奥越地域と河川で結ばれ、また敦賀津は川舟座によって敦賀郡内の各所とつながりをもっていました。また若狭では、遠敷郡の北川・南川が郡内陸部から小浜津への輸送路としての機能をもっていました。中世の若狭では、古代官道のルートを踏襲する九里半街道が主要街道として利用されましたが、針畑を越えて鞍馬街道を経由する道や、名田荘を経由して長坂越えを通る道も利用されていました。一方越前では、北陸道が主要街道の位置を占めていましたが、三河から越前への浄土真宗伝播のルートとしても知られる美濃街道も大きな役割を果たしていました。これらの河川や街道には、その地の領主の収入源として、あるいは戦国大名の軍事上の必要から関が設けられました。また府中から西にのびる西街道では、運送業者である馬借が戦国期には活躍しました。この馬借は、南条郡河野・今泉の両浦に入港した船の物資運送と塩・榑の独占的販売権をもち、両浦・山内の馬借として知られています。越前の戦国大名朝倉氏は、1510年（永正7）より越前の街道の修復を国内の人びとに命じ、また敦賀郡の庄の橋（笙橋）や足羽郡の浅水金橋・北庄橋の修理を行うなど、交通路の維持管理を重要視していました。しかし、日野川の白鬼女橋と九頭竜川の高木橋はともに、軍事的な意味から舟橋でした。

2、鎌倉時代に日本の米作りは進歩しました．

広大な開拓地であった関東平野や東北地方では農民が自らの土地を守るために武装し「武士」となりました．これらの武士は都から役人としてやってきた貴族や皇族の子孫を「棟梁」（とうりょう=組織をまとめる主人）として結束を固め「武士団」を形成しました．平氏や源氏はその代表といえます．
このように武士が力を強めると，今まで貴族や寺社の所有物だった荘園に地頭という形で武士が進出してきました．武士は自分達の取り分を増やし，経済力を強めるために当時最大の産業であった農業の生産高をあげるために努力しました．その結果として「農業技術」が進歩し，西日本では二毛作が始まったのです。灌漑（かんがい=農業への水の利用）施設が発達しました。それまで川の近くの湿地帯や中・下流域の平地だけで行われていた稲作が，水車や溜め池，水路などの灌漑設備が整い水田が広がっていきました．この絵では川から水車で田んぼに水をいれていますね．

3、絵巻の竜の姿のものや、人の姿のもの、中間のものとさまざまな竜たちが和尚の周りに現れている所です。ここに竜が祀られているということは、この地が元々竜と縁のある土地であったことを伺わせます。

4、石山寺に参籠し、はるか湖水に写る月影を見て、紫式部は『源氏物語』の構想を感得したと伝えられている。

**石山寺**

さざなみが煌めく琵琶の湖水が、やがて穏やかな流れとなる瀬田川、石山寺はその西岸の伽藍山の麓の景勝地にあります。その創立は、東大寺大仏造立のための黄金の不足を愁えた聖武天皇が、ここに伽藍を建てて如意輪法を修すようにとの夢告を受け、良弁僧正を開基として開かれた寺院です。また、本尊の秘仏如意輪観音像は、聖徳太子がお伝えになった、縁結び、安産、福徳などに霊験あらたかな仏さまとして信仰を集めています。

石山寺は奈良時代から観音の霊地とされ、平安時代になって観音信仰が盛んになると、朝廷や摂関貴族と結びついて高い地位を占めるとともに、多くの庶民の崇敬をも集めました。その後も、源頼朝、足利尊氏、淀君などの後援を受けるとともに、西国三十三所観音霊場として著名となり、今日まで参詣者が絶えません。

また石山寺は西国三十三所の第十三番札所となり、観音信仰の霊場としても多くの参詣者を集めました。とくに貴族の女性の参籠が流行したらしく、紫式部が当寺で『源氏物語』を書きはじめたという伝説も、このような背景によるものでしょう。境内の本堂（国宝）は、巨大な硅灰石（天然記念物）の上に建てられています。この本堂内にある「源氏の間」は、かつて紫式部がその窓から十五夜の月を眺めたときに、霊感をうけ物語が出来上がったと伝えられます。「右少弁藤原為時の娘、上東門院の女房であった紫式部は一条天皇の叔母の選子内親王のためにと、女院から物語の創作を下命され成就を祈願するため当寺に七日間参籠した。心澄みわたり、にわかに物語の構想がまとまり、書き始めた」『石山寺縁起絵巻』には、このように記されています。

近江八景「石山の秋月」のシンボルとなっている月見亭は、瀬田川の清流を見下ろす高台に設けられ、後白河天皇以下歴代天皇の玉座とされました。この月見亭の隣に芭蕉庵があります。俳聖松尾芭蕉は、たびたびここに仮住まいをして、多くの句を残しています。

石山の　石にたばしる　あられかな
あけぼのは　まだむらさきに　ほととぎす

瀬田川周辺には、芭蕉ゆかりの地として墓地のある義仲寺の無名庵、長期滞在した幻住庵、岩間寺などが点在します。

http://achikochitazusaete.web.fc2.com/ouminotera/isiyamadera/murasaki.html

大津市石山寺

瀬田川の右岸、伽藍山を背に石山寺はある。
伽藍山は、珪灰石の岩が露出していて、石山寺という名の由来らしい。
創建は古く、聖武天皇の勅願により、良弁が天平十九年この地に聖武天皇の念仏仏を安置しる堂宇を建立したことに始まる。

本堂
毘沙門堂
御影堂
多宝塔

本堂背後にあるこの多宝塔、国宝である。現存最古のものという。私の世代はこの多宝塔が４円の通常切手だったことを覚えている。
夜のライトアップされた多宝塔も美しい。

正月初詣で賑わう石山寺、本堂の如意輪観音さままでが遠い。正月餅飾りは独特の飾り付け、干菓子もきれい。

石山寺と古典文学
紫式部『源氏物語』
『石山寺縁起絵巻』に、

巻四に、
「紫式部は、右少弁藤原為時朝臣が女、上東門院の女房にて侍りけるに、一条院の御叔母、選子内親王より珍しからん物語や侍ると、女院へ申されたりけるを、式部に仰せられて、作らせられければ、この事を祈り申さむとて、当寺に七か日籠り侍りけるに、水海の方、遙々と見渡されて、心澄みて様々の風情、眼に遮り、心に浮かみけるを、とりあへぬ程にて、料紙などの用意も無かりければ、大般若の料紙の内陣にありけるを、心の中に本尊を申し受けて、思ひあへぬ風情を書き続ける。彼の罪障懺悔の為に、大般若経を一部書きて、奉納しける。今に当寺にありとぞ。此の物語書きけるところをば源氏の間と名付けて、其の所変はらずぞ有るなる。彼の式部をば日本紀の局とて、観音の化身とも申し伝へ侍り。」
紫式部は物語を作るため、この石山寺の七日間籠ったという。寛弘元年（１００４）のことである。参籠から幾日か経って、八月十五日の満月の夜、月が琵琶湖に映えて、それを眺めていた式部の脳裏にひとつの物語の構想が浮んだという。内陣にあった大般若経の料紙に、「今宵は十五夜なりけりと思し出でて、殿上の御遊び恋ひしく・・・」と、書き始めた。
『源氏物語』は桐壺の巻から起筆されたのではなく、この十五夜の月を眺めて都を恋しく思う光源氏の場面から始まった。これが須磨の巻となってまとめられていく。
という、起筆伝説が中世以降語り継がれてきたが、源氏物語成立論などを研究する学者にはまったく無視をされる伝説ではある。
縁起絵巻にいう「源氏の間」はいまも本堂の一部屋に在るが、その窓には金網が張ってあり、いかにも無粋。蚊とか蛾が入ってきて式部の執筆のじゃまをしないようにとの配慮だろうが。
境内には筆をもつ式部の像もある。

この起筆伝説により、後世紫式部の昔を偲ぶ十五夜の月見の歌会が幾度となく催されたという。月見亭である。

『万葉集』を学ぶ私は、源順の「左右」が印象的だ。同じく、『石山寺縁起絵巻』巻２に、

康保の比、廣幡の御息所の申させ給けるによりて、源順勅をうけたまはりて、万葉集をやハらげて點し侍けるに、よみとかれぬ所々おほくて、當寺にいのり申さむとてまいりにけり。左右といふもじのよみをさとらずして、下向の道すがら、あむじもてゆく程に、大津の浦にて物おほせたる馬に行きあひたりけるが、口付のおきな、左右の手にておほせたる物をゝしなをすとて、をのががどちまでより、といふことをいひけるに、はじめてこの心をさとり侍けるとぞ。

『万葉集』が編集されて２００年経った平安中期、漢字ばかりで書かれた『万葉集』を読める人はほとんどいなくなっていた。天暦五年（９５１）村上天皇の勅命で、「梨壺の五人」といわれる人たちに訓読するようにといわれた。そのひとり源順は、歌中の「左右」という文字がどうしても読めなかった。その苦境も仏が頼り、石山寺に参詣したという。たちどころに観音さまが教えてくれたわけではない。帰り道、大津の浜辺で、荷車の馬主が荷物が落ちそうになっているのにのんびり片手で荷を押える馬方に向かって、「何してんのや！真手（左右の手・両手）でやらんか！」、どなった。「そうか！そうだ！」。左右を「まで」と読めた。
源順、馬上で飛び上がって喜んだ。その弾みで馬から落ちて、地面に「まで」をついた。・・・そんなことは書いていない。
『万葉集』の例をあげると、
國遠　直不相　夢谷　吾尓所見社　相日左右二
国遠み　直
ただ
には逢はず　夢
いめ
にだに　我れに見えこそ　逢はむ日までに

『更科日記』の作者菅原孝標の女も二度石山寺を訪ねている。『石山寺縁起絵巻』巻３には、

『更科日記』の石山寺の件りは、

今は、昔のよしなし心もくやしかりけりとのみ思ひ知り果て、親の物へ率て参りなどせでやみにしも、もどかしく思ひ出でらるれば、今はひとへに、ゆたかなる勢ひになりて、双葉の人をも、思ふさまにかしづきおほしたて、わが身もみくらの山に積み余るばかりにて、後の世までのことをも思はむと思ひはげみて、十一月の二十余日、石山に参る。
雪うち降りつつ、道のほどさへをかしきに、逢坂の関を見るにも、昔越えしも冬ぞかしと思ひ出でらるるに、そのほどしも、いと荒らう吹いたり。
逢坂の関のせき風吹くこゑは　むかし聞きしにかはらざりけり
関寺のいかめしう造られたるを見るにも、そのをり、荒造りの御顔ばかり見られしをり思ひ出でられて、年月の過ぎにけるもいとあはれなり。
打出の浜のほどなど、見しにも変らず。暮れかゝるほどに詣で着きて、斎屋におりて、御堂にのぼるに、人声もせず、山風おそろしうおぼえて、おこなひさしてうちまどろみたる夢に、「中堂より麝香給はりぬ。とくかしこへ告げよ」と言ふ人あるに、うちおどろきたれば、夢なりけりと思ふに、よきことならむかしと思ひて、おこなひ明かす。
またの日も、いみじく雪降り荒れて、宮にかたらひ聞こゆる人の具し給へると物語して心ぼそさをなぐさむ。
三日さぶらひて、まかでぬ。

・・・・・・・

二年ばかりありて、また石山にこもりたれば、よもすがら雨ぞいみじく降る。旅居は雨いとむつかしき物と聞きて、蔀を押し上て見れば、有明の月の谷の底さへくもりなく澄みわたり、雨と聞えつるは、木の根より水の流るる音なり。
谷川の流れは雨と聞こゆれど　ほかより異なる有明の月
『蜻蛉日記』の作者右大将藤原道綱の母も石山寺に参詣している。『石山寺縁起絵巻』巻２には、

『蜻蛉日記』の石山詣での件りはちょっと長いので、別頁で紹介。クリック

和泉式部も、敦道親王との関係がうまくいかず、むなしい気持を慰めるために石山寺に籠った。『石山寺縁起絵巻』に和泉式部は載らない。『更級日記』や『蜻蛉日記』は、家族の安寧を願い、これからの人生をまじめにお願いする参詣なのに、色恋沙汰の多い和泉式部の参詣は、呆れられていたのかもしれない。石山寺に籠っていても、メールの交換ばかり。

『和泉式部日記』の石山詣でも別頁で紹介。クリック

『枕草子』には（２０４段）、

寺は、壺坂。笠置。法輪。霊山は、釋迦佛の御住みかなるがあはれなるなり。石山。粉河。志賀。

『梁塵秘抄』には、

観音験を見する寺　清水　石山　長谷の御山　粉河　近江なる彦根山　間近く見ゆるは六角堂

験仏の尊きは　東の立山　美濃なる谷汲の　彦根寺　志賀　長谷　石山　清水　都に間近き六角堂

『今昔物語集』　「石山観音、為利人付和歌末語」

korean crime of false accusation is 4100 times as Japan. 韓国の誣告罪

2012-03-13T18:44:00.005+09:00

또 거짓말도 100번 말하면 진실이 되는 문화는 우리지날(*) 문화로, 일본에서는 있을 수 없는 문화이다. *.역자 주 : ウリジナル - 한국어의 '우리'와 '오리지널'의 합성어.

위증(僞證, perjury)
http://specific-asian-flash.web.infoseek.co.jp/uso.html

Koreans is liar 671 times than Japanese, Korean false accusation is 4100 times of Japanese.

perjury floods in court 2003/02/13
Chosun Ilbo

many "Perjury" orampants in the courts,tailored innocent people as to be a sinner, to obscures the sin whose should receive the punishment.

perjury is a criminal that witnesses have appeared in court in order to clarify the facts lye in the administrative litigation.
Perjury prosecution offenses were prosecuted 1,343 people in 2002. it has increased nearly 60 percent in four years compared to 845 people in 1998.
in criminal trial prosecutor attends is preferable,in civil tribunal is terrible such like the word come out "place where contest of lies".
In particular, Japan has almost no perjury,clearly can see the difference in just statistics.

in 2000, compared with Japan was five people, charged with perjury in Korea was 1,198 people.
considering the difference of the population in South Korea and Japan, the domestic perjury would reach 671 times of Japan,in analyze of the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office.
in this way common reason for many perjury,prosecutors and judges to speak that most important reason is for culture of South Korea's fragile to "emotion", and the tendency in society its not important thing to think that to taking much of lies.

Cheongju district court 청주시(淸州市) Jinju branch ,진주　Yoon Nangun 윤남근(尹南根) presiding judge said that in many cases,on the grounds that people do not want to give a disadvantage to close, to avoid as much as possible to appear as a witness, also have appeared to answer as "can not remember".
Presiding Judge Yoon said that "rather than witness such a villain, but a typical Korean who can not say bad things to others," .
it has been cited as one of the reasons that it is light punishment for perjury.

韓国人は日本の６７１倍嘘つき・誣告は日本の４１００倍
偽証が氾濫する法廷 2003/02/13
朝鮮日報http://japanese.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2003/02/13/20030213000039.html

何の罪もない人を罪人に仕立て上げ、罰を受けるべき人の罪を覆い隠す「偽証」が法廷ではこびっている。
偽証とは民・刑事および行政訴訟などで、事実を明らかにするために裁判に出頭した証人が嘘をつくこと。
検察が起訴した偽証事犯は2002年1343人。98年の845人に比べ4年間で60%近く増えている。
検事が同席している刑事裁判はまだいい方だが、民事裁判は「嘘の競演場」だという言葉が出てくる程だ。
特に、偽証自体がほとんどない日本とは統計だけでもはっきりとその違いが分かる。
2000年の場合、韓国で偽証罪で起訴された人が1198人であることに比べ日本は5人だった。
韓国と日本の人口の差を考慮した場合、国内の偽証が日本の671倍に達するというのが最高検察庁の分析だ。
偽証がこのように多い理由は、嘘を大したことと思わない社会の風潮と、「情」にもろい韓国の文化が最も大きな理由だと判事・検事は話す。

清原地方裁判所・晋州支部の尹南根・部長判事は「親しい人に不利益を与えたくないという理由で、証人としての出頭を極力避け、出頭したとしても『思い出せない』と答えるケースが多い」と話す。
尹部長判事は「このような証人は悪人というよりは、他人に悪いことを言えない典型的な韓国人である」と付け加えた。
偽証に対する処罰が軽いのも原因のひとつとして挙げられている。
2001年、全国の裁判所が処理した計846件の偽証事件のうち、実刑が宣告されたのは181件（21%）だった。
同年、刑事裁判全体（20万件）の中、実刑が宣告された事件は25%水準の5万件だった。
偽証罪は故意性が強い場合、最高懲役10年まで宣告することができるが、軽い処罰で済むケースが多い。

こうした現実は外国と比較するとさらに浮き彫りになる。
ビル・クリントン前米大統領は2001年11月、米連邦最高裁に弁護人リストから除名された。
ホワイトハウス元実習生のモニカ・ルインスキーとの性スキャンダルなどで偽証したことに対する厳しい代償だった。

クリントン前大統領は
これに先立ち、アーカンソー州でも弁護士資格を停止された。
嘘を容認しない文化がこうした措置の背景にあるというのが法曹人の見方だ。

米連邦最高裁傘下の量刑委員会が作った「連邦量刑指針」によれば、偽証罪は最低でも懲役10～16ヵ月を宣告し、減刑できないように定めている。

最高検察庁の金賢雄公判訟務課長は「偽証は真実を究明する司法機関の業務を妨害し、結局は国の公権力に対する不信も招くことになる」と述べた。

朴世鎔（パク・セヨン）記者

‘誣告’ 日本の 4100倍 2005/04/11
ＮＡＶＥＲ・ニュース
http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode
=LSD&office_id=086&article_id=0000016955&section_id=102&menu_id=102

機械翻訳

http://japan.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2003122902698

国全体がウソの学習場だ。

一挙手一投足がマスコミに報道される
大統領などの指導層は、影響力が大きいウソの教師だ。

大統領候補は当選するために実現可能性のない公約を掲げ、国会議員もライバル候補を落選させるためにウソを捏造する。

権力者たちは、天文学的な賄賂を受け取っても、「１ウォンたりとも受け取っていない」と宣誓までする。
ウソの上手な国民を作るのが、国家の競争力を高める道だと勘違いしているようだ。

◆小学校でもウソの訓練をする。
小学３年生のＫ君は日記帳を2冊持っている。
一つは先生に毎日見せてチェックを受ける目的で書く日記帳だ。
もう一つは真実の書かれたプライバシーとして保管する日記帳だ。

Ｋ君が日記帳を２つ作るようになった理由は、先生が日記のテーマを
あらかじめ出して日記帳をチェックし、「よくできた」内容は掲示板に公開するためだ。

みんなに公開される日記帳に、自分だけの正直な話を書くことができるだろうか。

◆捜査機関や裁判所、議会の聴聞手続きなどでウソをつかせないことは、判断手続きの生命にかかわるほどほど重要だ。

にもかかわらず、制度的装置が不十分でウソの供述と虚偽証言が横行し、真実が歪曲される。

訴訟で当事者が宣誓しなければ、ウソを自由に言うことができる。
宣誓をした後、虚偽の供述をした時に受ける処罰は、過料わずか２００万ウォン程度だ。
宣誓した証人が偽証することが日常茶飯事であるにもかかわらず、実際に処罰される場合はまれだ。
根拠のない虚偽事実をまき散らして相手に大きな被害を与えた政治家には、名誉毀損罪で罰金わずか数百万ウォンが宣告される。

国民には、「真実を知らせる義務」が共同体のための「国民の義務」という認識も不十分だ。
事件の重要な目撃者が「他人のことに関わりたくない」と言って、証言をはばかる。

他の人々の不幸には見向きもしない。
一方、請託を受けたり、利害関係がある人を助けるためのウソには積極的だ。

◆真実を発見する道具としてウソ発見器が使われる。
しかしこれは、ウソに対する恐れ、焦り、良心の呵責によって表われる
生理的現象を測定して判断するので、良心がマヒした人格障害者には通用しない。
国全体がウソ発見器も通じない良心マヒ者を育てている土壌になっている。

暮らしの中でウソが積もれば、すべてに悪影響を与えるように、
韓国社会全般でウソが横行するようになれば、社会全体の健全な精神が崩れ落ちる。

一流国家に跳躍するには、国民の精神が崩れる前に、特段の措置が必要だ。

裵今子（べ・グムジャ）客員論説委員（弁護士）baena@chol.com

偽証に悩まされる韓国の法廷（上）
収賄罪で起訴された金孝謙（キム・ヒョギョム）元冠岳区長は、今年5月に同氏にわいろを提供したA容疑者が現金の受け渡しをした事務所の構造を法廷で詳細に陳述すると、窮地に追い込まれた。すると金元区長は、ソファーを片付けるなど事務所内部を完全に模様替えし、側近のB氏を証人に立てた。

B氏は法廷で、「A容疑者が陳述した事務所の構造は実際とは違う」と偽証した。とはいえ裁判部が現場検証したところ、事務所の構造はB氏が説明した通りだった

だが同裁判を担当していた公判検事がインターネットで何度も検索し、以前の事務所の写真を探し出したことで、工作だったことが発覚した。金元区長は収賄罪で有罪判決を受け、さらに偽証教唆の罪が追加された。B氏は偽証罪で起訴された。

民事裁判、刑事裁判ともに、法廷での偽証行為が一向に減らないため、裁判所や警察が頭を抱えている。巧妙で悪意のある偽証が司法の信用を失墜させているばかりでなく、裁判所が意欲的に試行している公判中心主義を定着させる支障となっている。

検察関係者は「証拠をでっち上げるほか、あらかじめシナリオを設定し『予行練習』までして法廷に立つケースが多いため、少しでも気を緩めるとだまされてしまう」と語った。

C氏は公務員の兄が収賄罪で起訴されると、現金を受け取ったという時間に共にいた、と法廷でうそのアリバイを証言した。だが賄賂が受け渡されたレストランで現金を提供した人物の法人カードの支払い領収書と、駐車場の係員が二人を目撃したという証言を公判検事が確保したことで、C氏の偽証は暴かれた。C氏も偽証罪で起訴された。

チョン・ハングク記者
孫振碩（ソン・ジンソク）記者
朝鮮日報／朝鮮日報日本語版

http://www.minjokcorea.co.kr/sub_read.html?uid=4901&section=sc3

인구비례 ,한국의 위증죄 일본의 857배, 무고죄 1085배!!
' 거짓말 天國'에서 벗어나려면 사법 방해죄 도입해야
조선일보
[사설] '거짓말 天國'에서 벗어나려면 사법방해죄 도입해야
기사
100자평(8)
입력 : 2010.02.01 23:06

법무부와 검찰이 수사 과정에서 참고인이 거짓 진술을 하면 처벌할 수 있게 하는 사법방해(司法妨害)죄 도입을 추진하고 있다. 참고인이란 경찰이나 검찰 같은 수사기관이 범죄를 수사할 때 제3자의 입장에서 범죄 피의자의 혐의 유무(有無)를 증언해 주는 사람을 말한다. 재판 과정에서 법정에 나온 증인과 비슷하다. 국회는 2월 임시국회에서 사법방해죄 도입을 비롯한 사법 개혁 방안을 논의할 예정이다.

한국은 법정에서 거짓말을 하는 위증이나, 남을 거짓으로 고소·고발하는 무고 사건 숫자가 세계 최고 수준이다. 2007년 일본은 위증죄로 138명이 입건돼 9명이 기소됐으나 우리는 3533명이 입건돼 1544명이 기소됐다. 무고죄도 일본은 133명이 입건돼 10명이 기소된 데 비해 우리는 입건이 4580명에 기소가 2171명이나 된다. 기소된 숫자를 기준으로 위증죄는 일본의 171배, 무고죄는 217배다. 일본 인구가 우리나라의 대략 2.5배인 점을 감안하면 실제로는 위증죄는 857배, 무고죄는 1085배인 셈이다. 우리나라에서 위증 관련 혐의로 유죄 판결을 받은 사람도 2006년 1066명, 2007년 1451명, 2008년 1792명으로 계속 늘고 있다.

증인이 법정에서 위증을 하면 5년 이하의 징역이나 1000만원 이하의 벌금형을 받게 된다. 그런데도 이렇게 법정에서 거짓말하는 사람이 많으니, 어떤 거짓말을 해도 아무런 처벌도 받지 않는 수사 단계의 참고인 중에 거짓말하는 사람이 얼마나 많을지는 짐작이 가고도 남는다. 대구지검이 2006년 적발한 위증 사범(事犯)을 대상으로 그 동기를 분석한 결과 '친분관계 때문'이 52.9%로 가장 많았고, '금전적 대가(代價)를 약속해서'가 26.5%로 두 번째였다. 혈연·지연·학연으로 엮인 연고주의·온정주의와 돈만 받으면 뭐든 다 해줄 수 있다는 생각이 거짓말을 '밥 먹듯' 하는 사회 풍토를 만드는 것이다.

법정에서든 수사 단계에서든 위증이나 무고는 범죄의 진실 규명을 방해해 반드시 처벌돼야 할 범죄자가 교묘히 법망을 빠져나가고 엉뚱한 사람이 억울하게 처벌을 받는 일이 생기게 한다. 미국에서 클린턴과 닉슨이란 현직 대통령이 탄핵 위기에까지 몰렸던 것도 위증과 사법방해죄 때문이었다. 대한민국 국민이 세계에서 가장 거짓말을 잘한다는 더러운 이름을 벗어나기 위해서도 사법방해죄 도입이 필요하다.
일문으로 이 기사 읽기

Dong Yi ; 옥가락지 Okukarakoji,Joseon traditional marriage ring

2012-03-11T23:04:00.000+09:00

http://jinheesupporter.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2010/07/post-e73c.html

옥가락지（オクガラシ）

[2010/07/08 ニュースエンパク・ジョンヒョン記者]

http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201007060010151001

粛宗(チ・ジニ)がトンイ(ハン・ヒョジュ)に愛の証として玉指輪をふたつ贈った。トンイはその玉指輪を見て粛宗の愛を感じた。トンイの掌の中で光る大きな玉指輪に何となく見覚えがあるような気がした。

7月5日放送されたMBC月火ドラマ『同伊』 (脚本キム・イヨン/演出イ・ビョンフン、キム・サンヒョプ) 31回で粛宗がトンイに玉指輪を２つ贈った。

イ・ビョンフンPDの前作MBC 『イ・サン』に登場した玉指輪だ。当時英祖(イ・スンジェ)は崩御の直前、ソン・ソンヨン(ハン・ジミン)に玉指輪を一組を残した。英祖は「私の生母スクビン崔氏から授かったものだ」と言って「イサンのそばで彼を助けてくれ」という言葉を遺した。

トンイは後日淑嬪（スクビン）の座に上る。英祖の母、淑嬪崔氏がまさにトンイである。つまり玉指輪は粛宗からトンイに贈られ、これがまた英祖に伝えられる。そしてついに正祖(イ・ソジン)と結婚したソン・ソンヨンにまで繋がる。

ソン・ソンヨンは玉指輪の存在に力づけられて、後日宜嬪成氏となった。平民の身分で王の妻になったソン・ソンヨン。賎民の身分で王の妻になったトンイ。どこか似ているように見える。実際２つの作品はドラマ構成などで多くの類似点がある。

多くの人々が粛宗を正祖と同じように見ている。やわらかいカリスマ、特有の茶目っ気などが似ている。トンイはソン・ソンヨン、チャ・チョンス(ペ・スビン)はパク・テス(イ・ジョンス)、チャン・オクチョン(イ・ソヨン)はチョンスン王后(キム・ヨジン)という説明だ。対立構造がそっくりということだ。

とにかく玉指輪一つで二つのドラマが繋がる印象である。シリーズ物を連想させる状況。ドラマのための興味要素に浮上するかどうか期待が高まる。明らかなのはイ・ビョンフン監督のファンには確実なファンサービスになると思われるということだ。

ただし同じ小道具を使ったわけではないようだ。色に若干の違いが見られる。

http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201007060010151001

동이’ 한효주 옥가락지 어디서 봤나 했더니... ‘이산’의 그 옥가락지?
2010-07-06 07:24:17

[뉴스엔 박정현 기자]

숙종(지진희 분)이 동이(한효주 분)에게 사랑의 징표로 옥가락지 2개를 선물했다. 동이는 그 옥가락지를 보며 숙종의 사랑을 느꼈다. 동이의 손에서 빛나는 굵직한 옥가락지가 어딘지 모르게 낯익은 모습이었다.

7월 5일 방송된 MBC 월화드라마 '동이' (극본 김이영 / 연출 이병훈 김상협) 31회에서 숙종이 동이에게 옥가락지 2개를 선물했다.

이병훈 PD의 전작 MBC '이산'에 등장했던 옥가락지이다. 당시 영조(이순재 분)는 붕어직전 성송연(한지민 분)에게 옥가락지 한 쌍을 남겼다. 영조는 "내 생모 숙빈 최씨에게서 받은 것이다"며 "이산의 곁에서 그에게 도움을 주거라"고 말했었다.

동이는 후일 숙빈의 자리에 오른다. 영조의 어머니 숙빈 최씨가 바로 그녀이다. 즉 옥가락지는 숙종에게서 동이에게로 전해지고 이는 다시 영조에게로 전해진다. 그리고 마침내 정조(이서진 분)와 결혼한 성송연에게까지 이어진다.

성송연은 옥가락지의 존재에 힘입어 후일 의빈 성씨가 됐다. 평민의 신분으로서 왕의 아내가 된 성송연. 천민의 신분으로서 왕의 아내가 된 동이. 어딘지 비슷해 보인다. 사실 두 작품은 드라마 구성 등에서 많은 유사점이 발견되고 있다.

많은 이들이 숙종을 정조와 비견하고 있다. 부드러운 카리스마, 특유의 장난기 등의 유사하다. 동이는 성송연, 차천수(배수빈 분)는 박대수(이종수 분), 장옥정(이소연 분)은 정순왕후(김여진 분)라는 설명. 갈등 구조가 판박이란 것이다.

여하튼 옥가락지 하나로 두 드라마가 이어지는 인상이다. 시리즈물을 연상시키는 상황. 드라마를 위한 흥미요소로 부각될지 기대된다. 분명한 것은 이병훈 감독의 팬들에게는 확실한 팬서비스가 될 것으로 보인다는 점이다.

박정현 pch46@newsen.com

http://cafe.daum.net/my211/93Gl/47?docid=1CjWs93Gl4720110312012833

다만 같은 소품을 사용한 것은 아닌 모양. 빛깔에서 약간의 차이가 느껴진다. (사진= MBC 화면 캡처)

http://sakuan.blog68.fc2.com/blog-entry-85.html

指輪の秘密
トンイ31話。
粛宗が遂にトンイにプロポーズをしました。
その証として玉の指輪（オクカラクジ：옥가락지）を手渡しましたね。
さて、この指輪にはどんな意味が込められていたのでしょう？

韓国語のわかる人なら「指輪はパンジ（반지）では？」と思ったかも知れません。
この言葉の差がとても重要なのです。

カラクジ（가락지）は２対の指輪が１組となっているものをいい、既婚女性がつけるものです。
一方、パンジは「半指」や「斑指」と書き、単品のものをいい、未婚者が付けるものなのです。
ひょっとするとパンジとはまだ嫁に行っていない半人前という意味があるのかも知れませんね。

この事実を粛宗が知っていたのか知らなかったのか？
それは定かではありませんが、知っていたなら深層心理でトンイと婚姻することをわかっていたということになりますよね？
既婚者が付けるものを買ったのですから！

この指輪はトンイと市場で出会ったときに買ったということですが、まだ監察部内人（カムチャルブナイン）になる前ですよね？その後一緒に市場に行きましたっけ？
今回の粛宗のセリフの中に「その時はわからなかった」とありましたが、カラクジ（가락지）を買ってるあたり、さすが粛宗としかいいようがありません！

このカラクジ（가락지）は、トンイの息子・英祖（ヨンジョ）が形見として受け継ぎ、ドラマイ・サンでは英祖からソンヨンに受け継がれます。
ソンヨンもトンイと似たような境遇からイ・サンの嬪（ピン：빈）になる女性。
英祖自ら孫の嫁になってくれと、直接意思表示をしているのですよね～。
もちろんフィクションですが、ストーリーとしてはものすごく秀逸です！

ところで、指輪については、イ・サンの時の使い回しで、仁顕王后（イニョンワンフ：인현왕후）がつけていただの、トンイが受け取ったものだのと、憶測が飛び交っていますが、トンイの放送終了後の2010年10月に、両ドラマの美術を手がけたＭＢＣ美術センターのイ・ヘラン次長がインタビューの答えとして

「使い回しが出来ればどんなにいいことか！」
と、使い回しではないことを公式に発言しています。

ちなみに、この玉の指輪（オクカラクジ：옥가락지）ですが、安いものなら千円ちょっとからあります。過去に高価だった玉などは、現代では安く入手できます。
仁寺洞（インサドン）のおみやげ屋さんで買おうとしたら、韓国人の友達に「おばあさんみたい」って言われました。
現代ではそんなイメージなんでしょうね～（笑）

次回の記事では、彼女のインタビュー内容をちょっと紹介したいと思います。

追記：ドラマで使われているのは特注品で高価なもののようです。

Korean spices

2012-03-11T18:50:00.000+09:00

http://www.koparis.com/~hatta/jiten/jiten-cyoumiryou.htm

http://www.recipe-blog.jp/viewer/item/10540161
コチュジャン.（韓国の辛い味噌）

調味料、香辛料（285語）
【가】
가다랭이포【調】[カダレンイポ]（かつをぶし）
가람 마살라【調】[カラムマサルラ]（ガラムマサラ）
가루【調】[カル]（粉）
가루설탕【調】[カルソルタン]（パウダーシュガー）
각설탕【調】[カクソルタン]（角砂糖）
간수【調】[カンス]（にがり）
간장【調】[カンジャン]（醤油）
갈릭【調】[カルリク]（ガーリック、ニンニク）
갈분【調】[カルブン]（葛粉）
갈치젓【調】[カルチジョッ]（タチウオの塩辛）
감동젓【調】[カムドンジョッ]（アキアミの塩辛）
감미료【調】[カムミリョ]（甘味料）
감자당【調】[カムジャダン]（甘蔗糖、サトウキビで作った砂糖）
강력분【調】[カンニョップン]（強力粉）
갖은양념【調】[カジュンヤンニョム]（色々な양념）
개자【調】[ケジャ]（からし菜の実）
겨자【調】[キョジャ]（辛子）
겨자가루【調】[キョジャカル]（粉からし）
겨자간장【調】[キョジャカンジャン]（辛し醤油）
계피【調】[ケピ]（シナモン）
고명【調】[コミョン]（装飾をかねたヤンニョム（양념））
고추기름【調】[コチュキルム]（唐辛子油、熱した油に唐辛子を入れたもの）
고추장【調】[コチュジャン]（コチュジャン）
고추가루【調】[コチュカル]（粉唐辛子）
고춧가루【調】[コチュッカル]（粉唐辛子）
곤쟁이젓【調】[コンジェンイジョッ]（アキアミの塩辛）
곰팡이【調】[コムパンイ]（カビ）
과즙【調】[クァジュプ]（果汁）
굴소스【調】[クルソス]（オイスターソース、牡蠣油）
굵은소금【調】[クルグンソグム]（粗塩）
귀리【調】[クィリ]（燕麦）
금가루【調】[クムカル]（金箔）
기름【調】[キルム]（油）
까나리액젓【調】[カナリエッチョッ]（いかなご醤油）
까나리젓【調】[カナリジョッ]（イカナゴの塩辛）
깨소금【調】[ケソグム]（ごま塩）
꼴뚜기젓【調】[コルトゥギジョッ]（ベイカの塩辛）
꿀【調】[クル]（ハチミツ）
【나】
너트맥【調】[ノトゥメク]（ナツメグ）
녹말가루【調】[ノンマルカル]（片栗粉）
녹말물【調】[ノンマルムル]（水溶き片栗粉）
누룩【調】[ヌルク]（麹）
누룩곰팡이【調】[ヌルクコムパンイ]（コウジカビ）
【다】
다대기【調】[タデギ]（醤油、塩、ニンニク、生姜、唐辛子、などを混ぜた合わせ調味料）
다시다【調】[タシダ]（だしの素）
다시마물【調】[タシマムル]（昆布だし）
다우전아일랜드 드레싱【調】[タウジョンアイルレンドゥドゥレシン]（サウザンアイランドドレッシング）
다진마늘【調】[タジンマヌル]（みじん切りにしたニンニク）
다진생강【調】[タジンセンガン]（みじん切りにした生姜）
다진파【調】[タジンパ]（みじん切りにしたネギ）
달걀물【調】[タルギャルムル]（溶き卵）
당밀【調】[タンミル]（糖蜜）
동백하젓【調】[トンベッカジョッ]（２月にとったアミの塩辛）
된장【調】[テンジャン]（味噌）
두반장【調】[トゥバンジャン]（豆板醤）
드라이이스트【調】[トゥライイストゥ]（ドライイースト）
드레싱【調】[トゥレシン]（ドレッシング）
들기름【調】[トゥルキルム]（エゴマ油）
들깨가루【調】[トゥルケカル]（すりゴマ）
땅콩버터【調】[タンコンボト]（ピーナッツバター）
【라】
라유【調】[ラユ]（ラー油）
라이스페이퍼【調】[ライスペイポ]（ライスペーパー）
레몬즙【調】[レモンジュプ]（レモン汁）
【마】
마가린【調】[マガリン]（マーガリン）
마요네즈【調】[マヨネジュ]（マヨネーズ）
막고춧가루【調】[マッコチュッカル]（荒くひいた唐辛子）
막장【調】[マクチャン]（速成味噌の一種）
맛소금【調】[マッソグム]（味塩）
맛술【調】[マッスル]（料理酒）
맛장【調】[マッチャン]（合わせ味噌）
머랭그【調】[モレング]（メレンゲ）
메밀가루【調】[メミルカル]（そば粉）
메주【調】[メジュ]（みそ玉麹）
멥쌀가루【調】[メプサルカル]（米粉）
면실유【調】[ミョンシリュ]（綿の実油）
멸치액젓【調】[ミョルチエッチョッ]（いわし醤油）
멸치젓【調】[ミョルチジョッ]（イワシの塩辛）
명란젓【調】[ミョンナンジョッ]（明太子）
모주【調】[モジュ]（酒かす）
무장【調】[ムジャン]（乾燥麹を塩水に付け発酵させた味噌）
무즙【調】[ムジュプ]（大根おろし）
물엿【調】[ムリョッ]（水あめ）
미림【調】[ミリム]（ミリン）
미숫가루【調】[ミスッカル]（はったい粉）
미즙【調】[ミジュプ]（米のとぎ汁）
밀가루【調】[ミルカル]（小麦粉）
밀가루풀【調】[ミルカルプル]（水で溶いた小麦粉）
【바】
바닐라【調】[パニルラ]（バニラ）
바닐라에센스【調】[パニルラエセンス]（バニラエッセンス）
바질【調】[パジル]（バジル）
박력분【調】[パンニョップン]（薄力粉）
발사믹소스【調】[パルサミッソス]（バルサミコソース）
발사믹식초【調】[パルサミッシッチョ]（バルサミコ酢）
방부제【調】[パンブジェ]（防腐剤）
배즙【調】[ペジュプ]（なしの果汁、おろしたなし）
배합초【調】[ペハプチョ]（合わせ酢）
백청【調】[ペッチョン]（上質の蜂蜜）
버터【調】[ポト]（バター）
버터크림【調】[ポトクリム]（バタークリーム）
벌꿀【調】[ポルクル]（蜂蜜）
베샤멜소스【調】[ペシャメルソス]（ベシャメルソース）
베이킹 소다【調】[ペイキンソダ]（ベーキングソーダ、重曹）
베이킹파우더【調】[ペイキンパウド]（ベーキングパウダー）
보리가루【調】[ポリカル]（大麦の粉）
부케가니【調】[プケガニ]（ブーケガルニ）
분유【調】[プニュ]（粉ミルク）
브라운소스【調】[プラウンソス]（ブラウンソース）
빵가루【調】[パンカル]（パン粉）
뺨장【調】[ピャムジャン]（合わせ味噌）
【사】
사워크림【調】[サウォクリム]（サワークリーム）
산초【調】[サンチョ]（山椒）
산초가루【調】[サンチョカル]（山椒）
살사소스【調】[サルサソス]（サルサソース）
새우젓【調】[セウジョッ]（アミの塩辛）
색소【調】[セクソ]（色素）
샐러드유【調】[セルロドゥユ]（サラダ油）
생강즙【調】[センガンジュプ]（生姜汁、おろし生姜）
생이젓【調】[センイジョッ]（ヌマエビの塩辛）
생크림【調】[センクリム]（生クリーム）
샤프론【調】[シャプロン]（サフラン）
설탕【調】[ソルタン]（砂糖）
소금【調】[ソグム]（塩）
소금물【調】[ソグムムル]（塩水）
소다【調】[ソダ]（ソーダ、重曹、かん水）
소라젓【調】[ソラジョッ]（サザエの塩辛）
소맥분【調】[ソメップン]（小麦粉）
속뜨물【調】[ソットゥムル]（米を何度もといだ後に出るきれいなとぎ汁）
쇼트닝【調】[ショトゥニン]（ショートニング）
술찌꺼기【調】[スルチッコギ]（酒かす）
술찌끼【調】[スルチッキ]（酒かす）
슈거【調】[シュゴ]（シュガー、砂糖）
슈거 파우더【調】[シュゴパウド]（シュガーパウダー）
스파이스【調】[スパイス]（スパイス）
승검초가루【調】[スンゴムチョカル]（トウキの粉）
시나몬【調】[シナモン]（シナモン）
시럽【調】[シロプ]（シロップ）
시즈닝【調】[シジュニン]（シーズニング、調味料）
식물성기름【調】[シンムルソンキルム]（植物性油）
식소다【調】[シクソダ]（ソーダ、重曹、かん水）
식염【調】[シギョム]（食塩）
식용유【調】[シギョンユ]（食用油）
식초【調】[シッチョ]（酢）
식품보존료【調】[シップムポジョンニョ]（食品保存料）
실고추【調】[シルコチュ]（糸唐辛子）
실백【調】[シルベク]（皮をむいた松の実）
쌀겨【調】[サルギョ]（米ぬか、こぬか）
쌀뜨물【調】[サルトゥムル]（米のとぎ汁）
쌈장【調】[サムジャン]（合わせ味噌）
【아】
아몬드슬라이스【調】[アモンドゥスルライス]（アーモンドスライス）
아미노산간장【調】[アミノサンカンジャン]（アミノ酸醤油）
알고명【調】[アルコミョン]（고명として用いる錦糸卵）
암염【調】[アミョム]（岩塩）
액젓【調】[エッチョッ]（魚醤、魚醤油）
약고추장【調】[ヤッコチュジャン]（もち米を材料に唐辛子を多目に入れ作った良質のコチュジャン）
양겨자【調】[ヤンギョジャ]（洋がらし、マスタード）
양귀비 씨【調】[ヤンギビシ]（ポピーシード）
양념【調】[ヤンニョム]（合わせ調味料）
양념장【調】[ヤンニョムジャン]（ヤンニョム（양념）を加えた醤油）
양념주머니【調】[ヤンニョムチュモニ]（ヤンニョム（양념）を布で包んだもの）
어리굴젓【調】[オリクルジョッ]（粉唐辛子をいれ薄塩で漬けたカキの塩辛）
엑스트라 버진 오일【調】[エクストゥラポジンオイル]（エキストラバージンオイル）
연겨자【調】[ヨンギョジャ]（練りからし）
연어젓【調】[ヨノジョッ]（鮭の塩辛）
연유【調】[ヨニュ]（練乳、コンデンスミルク）
엿기름【調】[ヨッキルム]（麦芽）
오레가노【調】[オレガノ]（オレガノ）
오리가노【調】[オリガノ]（オレガノ）
오일【調】[オイル]（オイル、油）
오젓【調】[オジョッ]（５月にとったアミの塩辛）
오트밀【調】[オトゥミル]（オートミール）
오향【調】[オヒャン]（５種類の香辛料、またはそれらを混ぜたもの）
오향가루【調】[オヒャンカル]（五香粉）
오향미가루【調】[オヒャンミカル]（五香粉）
옥수수전분【調】[オクススチョンブン]（コーンスターチ）
올리브 오일【調】[オルリブオイル]（オリーブオイル）
올리브유【調】[オルリブユ]（オリーブ油）
올스파이스【調】[オルスパイス]（オールスパイス）
옷【調】[オッ]（てんぷらなどの衣）
와사비【調】[ワサビ]（ワサビ）
왜간장【調】[ウェカンジャン]（日本の醤油）
왜된당【調】[ウェテンジャン]（日本の味噌）
우스터소스【調】[ウストソス]（ウスターソース）
울금【調】[ウルグム]（ウコン）
웃기【調】[ウッキ]（餅･果物の上に飾られる材料）
월계수잎【調】[ウォルゲスイプ]（月桂樹､ローリエ）
유장【調】[ユジャン]（油と醤油を混ぜた調味液）
유지【調】[ユジ]（乳脂肪）
유화제【調】[ユファジェ]（乳化剤）
육수【調】[ユクス]（出し汁）
육젓【調】[ユッチョッ]（６月にとったアミの塩辛）
응고제【調】[ウンゴジェ]（凝固剤）
이스트【調】[イストゥ]（イースト）
이탈리안 드레싱【調】[イタルリアントゥレシン]（イタリアンドレッシング）
일식겨자【調】[イルシクギョジャ]（ワサビ）
【자】
잣가루【調】[チャッカル]（松の実の粉）
재강【調】[チェガン]（酒かす）
재래식된장【調】[チェレシッテンジャン]（自家製味噌）
잼【調】[チェム]（ジャム）
전분【調】[チョンブン]（澱粉）
절메주【調】[チョルメジュ]（黒豆の味噌麹）
젓갈【調】[チョッカル]（塩辛）
젓국【調】[チョックク]（塩辛の汁）
정향【調】[チョンヒャン]（丁字、クローブ）
젤라틴【調】[チェルラティン]（ゼラチン）
조개젓【調】[チョゲジョッ]（貝の塩辛）
조기젓【調】[チョギジョッ]（イシモチの塩辛）
조미료【調】[チョミリョ]（調味料）
조미료술【調】[チョミリョスル]（料理酒）
조미술【調】[チョミスル]（料理酒）
조선간장【調】[チョソンカンジャン]（伝統的な製法で作られた醤油）
조청【調】[チョチョン]（水飴）
주박【調】[チュバク]（酒かす）
중력분【調】[チュンニョップン]（中力粉）
지게미【調】[チゲミ]（酒かす）
지마장【調】[チマジャン]（芝麻醤）
진간장【調】[チンカンジャン]（長時間寝かして濃くした醤油）
진장【調】[チンジャン]（真醤、黒豆の味噌麹を用いた黒い醤油）
진장【調】[チンジャン]（陳醤、長時間寝かした濃い醤油）
짜장【調】[チャジャン]（炸醤、춘장に肉・野菜を加え油で炒めたもの）
【차】
차자가루【調】[チジャカル]（クチナシの実をひいた粉）
참기름【調】[チャムギルム]（ごま油）
찹쌀가루【調】[チャプサルカル]（もち粉）
찹쌀풀【調】[チャプサルプル]（もち粉を水で溶き糊状にしたもの）
창난젓【調】[チャンナンジョッ]（スケトウダラの腸などの塩辛）
창란젓【調】[チャンナンジョッ]（スケトウダラの腸などの塩辛）
창자【調】[チャンジャ]（창난젓の日本での呼び名）
천초【調】[チョンチョ]（山椒）
청밀【調】[チョンミル]（蜂蜜）
청장【調】[チョンジャン]（薄口醤油）
초간장【調】[チョカンジャン]（酢醤油）
초고추장【調】[チョコチュジャン]（酢を入れたコチュジャン）
촛물【調】[チョンムル]（合わせ酢）
추젓【調】[チュジョッ]（秋にとったアミの塩辛）
춘장【調】[チュンジャン]（짜장のベースになる中国味噌）
칠리소스【調】[チルリソス]（チリソース）
칠리파우더【調】[チルリパウド]（チリパウダー）
【카】
카레가루【調】[カレカル]（カレー粉）
캐러웨이【調】[ケロウェイ]（キャラウェイ）
캐러웨이 씨【調】[ケロウェイシ]（キャラウェイシード）
커민【調】[コミン]（クミン）
커피크림【調】[コピクリム]（コーヒークリーム）
케이퍼【調】[ケイポ]（ケッパー）
케첩【調】[ケチョプ]（ケチャップ）
코코아가루【調】[ココアカル]（ココアパウダー）
코코아매스【調】[ココアメス]（カカオマス）
코코아 버터【調】[ココアボト]（ココアバター）
콘스타치【調】[コンスタチ]（コーンスターチ）
콩가루【調】[コンカル]（きな粉）
콩소메【調】[コンソメ]（コンソメ）
크림소스【調】[クリムソス]（クリームソース）
클로브【調】[クルロブ]（クローブ、丁字）
【타】
타르타르 소스【調】[タルタルソス]（タルタルソース）
타바스코【調】[タバスコ]（タバスコ）
타임【調】[タイム]（タイム）
태양초【調】[テヤンチョ]（太陽草、天日で干した唐辛子）
터메릭【調】[トメリク]（ターメリック、ウコン）
토마토케첩【調】[トマトケチョプ]（トマトケチャップ）
토마토페이스트【調】[トマトペイストゥ]（トマトペースト）
토마토퓌레【調】[トマトプィレ]（トマトピューレ）
토장【調】[トジャン]（味噌）
통후추【調】[トンフチュ]（粒コショウ）
튀김가루【調】[ティギムカル]（てんぷら粉）
튀김기름【調】[ティギムギルム]（てんぷら油）
튀김옷【調】[ティギモッ]（てんぷらの衣）
【파】
파프리카【調】[パプリカ]（パプリカ）
팔각【調】[パルガク]（八角）
팔각향【調】[パルガッキャン]（八角）
팥가루【調】[パッカル]（あずきの粉）
페널【調】[ペノル]（フェンネル）
풀국【調】[プルグク]（もち粉を水で溶き糊状にしたもの）
퓌레【調】[プィレ]（ピューレ）
프렌치드레싱【調】[プレンチドゥレシン]（フレンチドレッシング）
프림【調】[プリム]（コーヒーミルク）
피자치즈【調】[ピジャチジュ]（ピザ用チーズ）
피칸【調】[ピカン]（ピーカン）
【하】
한천【調】[ハンチョン]（寒天）
핫소스【調】[ハッソス]（チリソース）
해선장【調】[ヘソンジャン]（海鮮醤、ハイセンジャン）
향료【調】[ヒャンニョ]（香料）
향신료【調】[ヒャンシンニョ]（香辛料）
향신장【調】[ヒャンシンジャン]（煮物などにコクを出す目的で少量使われる合わせ調味料）
향초【調】[ヒャンチョ]（香草）
허브【調】[ホブ]（ハーブ）
호렴【調】[ホリョム]（粗塩、中国産の粗塩）
호밀【調】[ホミル]（ライ麦）
화이트소스【調】[ファイトゥソス]（ホワイトソース）
화학조미료【調】[ファハクチョミリョ]（化学調味料）
황금가루【調】[ファングムカル]（金箔）
황석어젓【調】[ファンソゴジョッ]（キングチの塩辛）
회향【調】[フェヒャン]（ウイキョウ、茴香）
후추【調】[フチュ]（コショウ）
후추가루【調】[フチュカル]（コショウ）
후춧가루【調】[フチュッカル]（コショウ）
휘핑크림【調】[フィピンクリム]（ホイップクリーム）
흑설탕【調】[フッソルタン]（黒砂糖）
흰후춧가루【調】[ヒンフチュッカル]（白コショウ）

Scarred by history: The Rape of Nanjing BBC

2012-03-11T18:45:00.000+09:00

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/223038.stm

Scarred by history: The Rape of Nanjing
Between December 1937 and March 1938 one of the worst massacres in modern times took place. Japanese troops captured the Chinese city of Nanjing and embarked on a campaign of murder, rape and looting.

Thousands of bodies were buried in ditches
Based on estimates made by historians and charity organisations in the city at the time, between 250,000 and 300,000 people were killed, many of them women and children.

The number of women raped was said by Westerners who were there to be 20,000, and there were widespread accounts of civilians being hacked to death.

Yet many Japanese officials and historians deny there was a massacre on such a scale.

They admit that deaths and rapes did occur, but say they were on a much smaller scale than reported. And in any case, they argue, these things happen in times of war.

The Sino-Japanese Wars

In 1931, Japan invaded Chinese Manchuria following a bombing incident at a railway controlled by Japanese interests.

The Chinese troops were no match for their opponents and Japan ended up in control of great swathes of Chinese territory.

The following years saw Japan consolidate its hold, while China suffered civil war between communists and the nationalists of the Kuomintang. The latter were led by General Chiang Kai-shek, whose capital was at Nanjing.

Japanese troops enter the city in triumph
Many Japanese, particularly some elements of the army, wanted to increase their influence and in July 1937, a skirmish between Chinese and Japanese troops escalated into full-scale war.

The Japanese again had initial success, but then there was a period of successful Chinese defence before the Japanese broke through at Shanghai and swiftly moved on to Nanjing.

Chiang Kai-shek's troops had already left the city and the Japanese army occupied it without difficulty.

'One of the great atrocities of modern times'

At the time, the Japanese army did not have a reputation for brutality.

In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5, the Japanese commanders had behaved with great courtesy towards their defeated opponents, but this was very different.

Japanese papers reported competitions among junior officers to kill the most Chinese.

There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today
Minnie Vautrin
US woman in Nanjing
One Japanese newspaper correspondent saw lines of Chinese being taken for execution on the banks of the Yangtze River, where he saw piles of burned corpses.

Photographs from the time, now part of an exhibition in the city, show Japanese soldiers standing, smiling, among heaps of dead bodies.

Tillman Durdin of the New York Times reported the early stages of the massacre before being forced to leave.

He later wrote: "I was 29 and it was my first big story for the New York Times. So I drove down to the waterfront in my car. And to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there."

"The car just had to drive over these dead bodies. And the scene on the river front, as I waited for the launch... was of a group of smoking, chattering Japanese officers overseeing the massacring of a battalion of Chinese captured troops."

"They were marching about in groups of about 15, machine-gunning them."

As he departed, he saw 200 men being executed in 10 minutes to the apparent enjoyment of Japanese military spectators.

He concluded that the rape of Nanjing was "one of the great atrocities of modern times".

'The memories cannot be erased'

A Christian missionary, John Magee, described Japanese soldiers as killing not only "every prisoner they could find but also a vast number of ordinary citizens of all ages".

"Many of them were shot down like the hunting of rabbits in the streets," he said.

Some victims were reportedly buried alive
After what he described as a week of murder and rape, the Rev Magee joined other Westerners in trying to set up an international safety zone.

Another who tried to help was an American woman, Minnie Vautrin, who kept a diary which has been likened to that of Anne Frank.

Her entry for 16 December reads: "There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today. Thirty girls were taken from the language school [where she worked] last night, and today I have heard scores of heartbreaking stories of girls who were taken from their homes last night - one of the girls was but 12 years old."

Later, she wrote: "How many thousands were mowed down by guns or bayoneted we shall probably never know. For in many cases oil was thrown over their bodies and then they were burned."

"Charred bodies tell the tales of some of these tragedies. The events of the following ten days are growing dim. But there are certain of them that lifetime will not erase from my memory and the memories of those who have been in Nanjing through this period."

Minnie Vautrin suffered a nervous breakdown in 1940 and returned to the US. She committed suicide in 1941.

Also horrified at what he saw was John Rabe, a German who was head of the local Nazi party.

He became leader of the international safety zone and recorded what he saw, some of it on film, but this was banned by the Nazis when he returned to Germany.

He wrote about rape and other brutalities which occurred even in the middle of the supposedly protected area.

Confession and denial

After the Second World War was over, one of the Japanese soldiers who was in Nanjing spoke about what he had seen.

Japanese troops showed little mercy
Azuma Shiro recalled one episode: "There were about 37 old men, old women and children. We captured them and gathered them in a square."

"There was a woman holding a child on her right arm... and another one on her left."

"We stabbed and killed them, all three - like potatoes in a skewer. I thought then, it's been only one month since I left home... and 30 days later I was killing people without remorse."

Mr Shiro suffered for his confession: "When there was a war exhibition in Kyoto, I testified. The first person who criticized me was a lady in Tokyo. She said I was damaging those who died in the war."

"She called me incessantly for three or four days. More and more letters came and the attack became so severe... that the police had to provide me with protection."

Such testimony, however, has been discounted at the highest levels in Japan.

Former Justice Minister Shigeto Nagano denied that the massacre had occurred, claiming it was a Chinese fabrication.

Professor Ienaga Saburo spent many years fighting the Japanese government in the courts with only limited success for not allowing true accounts of Japanese war atrocities to be given in school textbooks.

There is also opposition to the idea among ordinary Japanese people. A film called Don't Cry Nanjing was made by Chinese and Hong Kong film-makers in 1995 but it was several years before it was shown in Japan.

(sakuramochi)BBC,you should show the clear original photo,and where are them quoted from.

Joseon eagle stamp　part2

2012-03-11T17:45:00.003+09:00

http://yosukenaito.blog40.fc2.com/blog-entry-593.html

『郵趣』今月の表紙：旧韓国の鷲切手
2006-12-30 Sat 00:45
（財）日本郵趣協会の機関誌『郵趣』の2007年１月号ができあがりました。『郵趣』では、毎月、表紙に“名品”と評判の高い切手を取り上げていて、僕が簡単な解説文をつけていますが、今月は、こんなモノを取り上げました。（画像はクリックで拡大されます）

これは、旧大韓帝国の“鷲切手”。1910年の日韓併合に先立ち、1905年７月１日、当時の大韓帝国の郵政は日本によって接収されてしまうのですが、その旧韓国郵政の最後のシリーズとして1903年10月1日に発行された通常切手です。

切手に描かれている鳥は、以前は鷹と考えられていましたが、近年、韓国では鷲とするのが一般的なようです。たしかに、韓国空軍や延世大学（韓国の慶応大学といわれる名門大学です）も鷹ではなく鷲をシンボルとしていますから、かの国の文化的な背景に照らせば、鷹より鷲の方がふさわしいのかな、とも思います。

旧韓国の郵政は、1884年にいったんは創業されたものの甲申事変によって途絶し、1895年７月22日（旧暦では６月１日）、日清戦争の戦場となっている中で行われた近代化改革（乙未改革）によって、10年以上のブランクを経てようやく再開されました。ちなみに、このとき、再開された朝鮮郵政の切手製造を担当したのは、日本の印刷局ではなく、アメリカの民間会社アンドリュー・Ｂ・グラハム紙幣印刷会社（Andrew B. Graham Bank Notes Co.）です。

今回ご紹介している鷲切手は、当時、大韓帝国駅逓司の顧問であったフランス人のクレマンセーの提言を受けて、フランスの政府印刷局で印刷されたもので、額面は２厘から２円（韓国通貨のウォンは“円”の現地語読み）15銭（韓国語読みではチョン）以上の高額は地色を全面印刷した上に図案部分を刷った二色刷となっています。

切手だけを見ている限り、同時代の日本の菊切手に比べても印刷物としての水準は遜色なく、とても日本に併合される直前の国が発行したとは思えない出来栄えです。

なお、1905年７月の大韓郵政の接収後も、発行済みの切手のうちの公衆手持ち分はしばらくは使用できましたが、それらは日韓併合前年の1909年８月に使用禁止となっています。

さて、今月の『郵趣』は、なんといっても11月の＜ＪＡＰＥＸ＞の特集が見所です。特に、恒例となった巻頭カラーでの名品集は、眼福モノの野マテリアルが目白押しで、テレビでいえば年末年始の特番に相当する豪華企画と言ってもいいかもしれません。

是非、ご一読いただけると幸いです。

『우취』이번 달의 표지:구 한국의 독수리우표 2006-12-30 Sat 00:45(재) 일본 우취협회의 기관지 『우취』의 2007년1월호가 완성되었습니다. 『우취』에서는, 매월, 표지에 “명품”과 평판이 좋은 우표를 집어들고 있어서, 내가 간단한 해설 문장을 달고 있습니다만, 이번 달은, 이런 상품을 집어들었습니다. (이미지는 클릭으로 확대됩니다)

이것은, 구 대한 제국의 “독수리우표”. 1910년의 일한 병합에 앞장서고, 1905년7월1일, 당시의 대한 제국의 우정(郵政)은 일본에 의해 접수되어버리는 것입니다만, 그 구 한국 우정(郵政)의 최후의 시리즈로서 1903년10월1일에 발행된 통상우표입니다.

우표에 그려지고 있는 새는, 이전에는 매와 생각되고 있었습니다만, 최근, 한국에서는 독수리로 하는 것이 일반적인 것 같습니다. 확실히, 한국 공군이나 전부세상대학(한국의 게이오대학(慶應大學)이라고 말하여지는 명문대학입니다)도 매가 아니고 독수리를 심볼이라고 하고 있을 테니까, 저 나라가 문화적인 배경에 비추면, 매보다 독수리쪽이 어울린 것일까，라는 생각합니다.

구 한국의 우정(郵政)은, 1884년에 일단은 창업되었지만 마사루(甲) 신(申) 사변에 의해 두절하고, 1895년7월22일(음력에서는 6월 1일）, 청일 전쟁의 전장이 되고 있는 중에서 행하여진 근대화개혁(을미개혁)에 의해, 10년이상의 공백을 경과해서 드디어 재개되었습니다. 덧붙이자면, 이 때, 재개된 조선 우정(郵政)의 우표제조를 담당한 것은, 일본의 인쇄국이 아니고, 미국의 민간회사 앤드류·B·그레이엄 지폐인쇄 회사(Andrew B. Graham Bank Notes Co.) 입니다.

이번 소개하고 있는 독수리우표는, 당시, 대한 제국역체사(관)의 고문이었던 프랑스인의 【구레만세】의 제언을 받고, 프랑스의 정부인쇄국에서 인쇄된 것으로, 액면은 2린으로부터 2엔 (한국 통화의 원은 “엔”의 현지어 읽기(예측)) 15전 (한국어 읽기에서는 【죤】)이상의 고액은 바탕 색을 전면인쇄한 뒤로 도안부분을 인쇄한 2색인쇄가 되고 있습니다.

우표만을 보고 있는 한, 동시 값의 일본의 국화우표에 비교해도 인쇄물로서의 수준은 손색 없고, 매우 일본에 병합되는 직전의 나라가 발행한 (이)라고는 생각되지 않는 솜씨입니다.

한편, 1905년7월의 대한 우정(郵政)의 접수후도, 발행완료의 우표 가운데의 공중소지 분은 당분간은 사용할 수 있었습니다만, 그것들은 일한 병합 전년의 1909년8월에 사용 금지가 되고 있습니다.
그런데, 이번 달의 『우취』는, 무엇이라고 해도 11월의 의 특집이 볼만한 곳입니다. 특히, 항례가 된 권두 컬러에서의 명품집은, 안복(진귀한 것을 보고 즐김) 상품의 들판 머티리얼(material)이 혼잡해서, 텔레비전으로 말하면 연말 연시의 특별프로에 상당하는 호화기획라고 말해도 좋을지도 모르겠습니다.

꼭 일독 줄 수 있으면 다행입니다.

http://komoro1939.blog136.fc2.com/blog-entry-111.html

http://komoro1939.blog136.fc2.com/blog-entry-109.html

http://komoro1939.blog136.fc2.com/blog-entry-72.html

http://blog.daum.net/_blog/BlogTypeView.do?blogid=0PKKE#ajax_history_home

http://blog.daum.net/allinstamps

Joseon waste stamps　part1

2012-03-11T17:40:00.000+09:00

http://yosukenaito.blog40.fc2.com/blog-entry-319.html

http://nekonote.jp/pic/korea/kitte.html

出典：歴史写真　大正3年3月号：歴史写真會

http://blog.goo.ne.jp/nagoya-jp/e/f187982110849575ac272891bfbc7ec4

李花切手
http://komoro1939.blog136.fc2.com/blog-date-201103.html

紙屑になった切手
2006-04-13 Thu 23:53
ライブドアの上場が廃止になりました。まぁ、これでただちに同社の株券が無価値になったというわけではないのですが、高値で購入した人たちにすれば、もはや紙屑同然の代物と言っても差し支えないでしょう。

で、切手の世界でも、実際に発行されたものの、何らかの事情で切手としての効力を失い、紙屑同然の存在になってしまったモノは少なからずあるのですが、今日はその中でも、こんな１枚を取り上げてみることにしましょう。

これは、1884年に発行された李氏朝鮮最初の切手の1枚です。

朝鮮では、改革派官僚であった洪英植を中心に近代郵便創業の準備が進められ、1882年、日本の印刷局に切手の製造が発注されます。切手のデザインは、太極旗（現在の韓国国旗）をモチーフとした雛型をもとに、日本側でデザインを書き起こして作られたものでしたが、日本側の作成した太極文様はかなりデフォルメされており、朝鮮側の用意していた正規のものとは似ても似つかないものでした。

それでも、日本側がつくった５種類の切手の原版は1884年８月９日に完成し、計２万枚が「見本」としてただちに印刷され（５種の注文総数は278万枚）、朝鮮側に納品されています。

こうして、各種の準備が整い、事前の周知・宣伝も行われたところで、同年11月18日（旧暦では10月１日）、ソウル＝仁川間で朝鮮の近代郵便が創業。準備されていた５種類の切手のうち、５文（ソウル市内発着の郵便物の基本料金に相当）と10文（朝鮮国内発着の郵便物の基本料金に相当）の２種類の切手が発行されました。

しかし、この計画は、同年12月４日（旧暦では10月17日）に発生した甲申政変により、郵便事業そのものが停止に追い込まれたことですべて頓挫してしまいます。

甲申政変とは、朝鮮の近代化改革をめぐる対立の中で、清朝との宗属関係から独立して国政を革新することを主張する開化派（独立党）が、近代化に抵抗する守旧派（事大党）を打倒して政権を掌握するために起こしたクーデタ事件です。当時の日本は、同じ年に起こった清仏戦争の隙を突いて朝鮮に対する影響力を強めたいとの思惑から、独立党への支援を約束していました。しかし、袁世凱ひきいる清軍は武力介入したため、クーデタはわずか三日で鎮圧されてしまいます。

このクーデタは、約半月前（11月18日）の郵便創業を祝うためのパーティに事大党の政府高官が列席する機会にあわせて実行され、郵征総弁（郵政長官）の洪英植もその首謀者に名を連ねていました。このため、クーデタが失敗し、洪が清軍によって殺されると、朝鮮の郵便事業は、逆賊の行った開化事業として、開業からわずか19日後の12月８日には廃業に追い込まれてしまいます。そして、それに伴い、準備されていた日本製の朝鮮切手は、すべて、郵便料金前納の証紙としての効力を失い、単なる紙屑となりました。

その後、朝鮮の近代郵便は、1895年７月22日（旧暦では６月１日）、日清戦争の戦場となっている中で行われた近代化改革（乙未改革）によって、甲申政変から10年以上が経過した後ようやく再開されました。
なお、このとき、再開された朝鮮郵政の切手製造を担当したのは、日本の印刷局ではなく、アメリカの民間会社アンドリュー・Ｂ・グラハム紙幣印刷会社（Andrew B. Graham Bank Notes Co.）です。

まぁ、今回ご紹介している切手の場合、郵便料金前納の証紙としては無効の“紙屑”になっても、切手収集家の間では相応の価格で取引されているわけで、その意味では、「捨てる神あれば拾う神あり」の典型といえるのかもしれません。なお、この切手に関する話は、その昔、『外国切手に描かれた日本』（光文社新書）という本の中で書いたことがあるので、よろしかったら、チェックしていただけると幸いです。

そういえば、ライブドアの株券も、厳密には、まだ“紙屑”になったわけではないのですが、ホリエモンの名前が印刷されているということで、株券としての価値とは別に、一種のコレクターズ・アイテムとして人気が出ているとか。もっとも、こちらのほうは、朝鮮最初の切手のように、いまから120年後も人々から見捨てられずに価値を維持できているかどうか、ちょっと疑問ですがね。

휴지가 된 우표 2006-04-13 Thu 23:53라이브 도어의 상장이 폐지가 되었습니다. 그래도, 이것으로 즉시 동사의 주권이 무가치이어졌다라고 하는 것은 아닙니다만, 최고치로 구입한 사람들로 하면, 이미 휴지동연의 빌린 물건라고 말해도 지장이 없지요.

에서, 우표의 세계에서도, 실제로 발행되었지만, 어떠한 사정으로 우표로서의 효력을 잃고, 휴지동연의 존재가 되어버린 상품은 적지 않게 있습니다만, 오늘은 그중에서도, 이런 1장을 올려 보기로로 합시다.

이것은, 1884년에 발행된 이(李)씨 조선 최초의 우표의 1장입니다.

조선에서는, 개혁파 관료이었던 홍영식을 중심으로 근대우편창업의 준비가 진행되어, 1882년, 일본의 인쇄국에 우표의 제조가 발주됩니다. 우표의 디자인은, 태극기(현재의 한국 국기)을 모티프로 한 모형을 바탕으로, 일본측에서 디자인을 글을 쓰기 시작해서 만들어진 것이었습니다만, 일본측의 작성한 태극무늬는 상당히 변형되고 있어, 조선측의 준비하고 있었던 정규인 것이라고 하는 것은 전혀 비슷하지 않은 것이었습니다.

그래도, 일본측이 만든 5종류의 우표 원판은 1884년8월9일에 완성되고, 계2만장이 「견본」라고 즉시 인쇄되어 (5종의 주문 총수는 278만장), 조선측에 납품되고 있습니다.

이렇게 해서, 각종의 준비가 정돈되고, 사전의 주지·선전도 행하여진 바에서, 같은 해 11월18일(음력에서는 10월 1일）, 서울=인천(仁川)간에서 조선의 근대우편이 창업. 준비되고 있었던 5종류의 우표 가운데, 5글 (서울 시내발착의 우편물의 기본요금에 상당)이라고 10글 (조선 국내발착의 우편물의 기본요금에 상당)의 2종류의 우표가 발행되었습니다.

그러나, 이 계획은, 같은 해 12월4일(음력에서는 10월 17일）에 발생한 마사루(甲) 신(申) 정변에 의해, 우편사업 바로 그것이 정지에 몰린 것으로 모두 좌절해버립니다.

마사루(甲) 신(申) 정변과는, 조선의 근대화개혁을 둘러싼 대립 안(속)에서, 청호와의 종속관계로 독립해서 국정을 혁신하는 것을 주장하는 개화파 (독립당)이, 근대화에 저항하는 수구파 (것대당)을 타도해서 정권을 장악하기 위해서 일으킨 【구데타】사건입니다. 당시의 일본은, 같은 해에 일어난 기요시(淸) 프랑스전쟁의 틈을 찔러서 조선에 대한 영향력을 강화하고 싶다라는 의도로부터, 독립당에의 지원을 약속하고 있었습니다. 그러나, 위안스카이 거느리는 기요시(淸)군은 무력개입했기 때문, 【구데타】는 불과 사흘이어서 진압되어버립니다.

이 【구데타】는, 약반월앞 (11월 18일）의 우편창업을 축하하기 위한 파티에 것대당의 정부고관이 열석하는 기회에 맞추어 실행되어, 郵세이(征) 총사투리 (우정(郵政)장관)의 홍영식도 그 주모자에게 이름을 늘어 놓고 있었습니다. 이것 때문에, 【구데타】가 실패하고, 홍(洪)이 기요시(淸)군에 의해 죽음을 당하면, 조선의 우편사업은, 역적이 간 개화 사업으로서, 개업으로부터 불과 19일후의 12월8일에는 폐업에 몰려버립니다. 그리고, 거기에 따르고, 준비되고 있었던 일본제의 조선 우표는, 모두, 우편 요금 전납의 증지로서의 효력을 잃고, 단순한 휴지가 되었습니다.

그 후, 조선의 근대우편은, 1895년7월22일(음력에서는 6월 1일）, 청일 전쟁의 전장이 되고 있는 중에서 행하여진 근대화개혁(을미개혁)에 의해, 마사루(甲) 신(申) 정변으로부터 10년이상이 경과한 후 드디어 재개되었습니다.
한편, 이 때, 재개된 조선 우정(郵政)의 우표제조를 담당한 것은, 일본의 인쇄국이 아니고, 미국의 민간회사 앤드류·B·그레이엄 지폐인쇄 회사(Andrew B. Graham Bank Notes Co.) 입니다.

그래도, 이번 소개하고 있는 우표의 경우, 우편 요금 전납의 증지로서는 무효인 “휴지”이 되어도, 우표 수집가의 사이에는 상응한 가격으로 거래되고 있는 셈이어서, 그 의미에서는, 「버리는 신 있으면 줍는 신 개미」의 전형이라고 말할 수 있는 것일지도 모르겠습니다. 한편, 이 우표에 관한 이야기는, 그 옛날, 『외국우표에 써진 일본』 (고분샤 신서(신간서적))이라고 하는 책 안(속)에서 쓴 것이 있어서, 좋으면, 체크해 주실 수 있으면 다행입니다.

그러고 보니, 라이브 도어 주권도, 엄밀하게는, 아직 “휴지”이 된 것은 아닙니다만, 【호리에몬】의 이름이 인쇄되고 있다라고 하는 것은, 주권으로서의 가치와는 달리, 일종의 【고레쿠타즈】·아이템으로서 인기가 나오고 있든가. 가장, 이쪽의 쪽은, 조선 최초의 우표와 같이 , 지금부터 120년후도 사람들에게서 버릴 수 없고 가치를 유지할 수 있는 것인가 아닌가, 조금 의문입니다만.

dwars ume plum trees Bonsai Umebon exhibition

2012-03-11T12:48:00.000+09:00

kado lesson sakura

2012-03-11T12:39:00.000+09:00

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE “COMFORT WOMEN” Moteki Hiromichi, CEO Sekai Shuppan

2012-03-09T22:06:00.000+09:00

This article is dedicated to the self-proclaimed champions of truth and justice who fell victim to the tales spun by Yoshida Seiji, the fabulist of the century. And may it also serve as a reminder to Americans who are so patronizing to the Japanese: Have you forgotten about the brothels that flourished during the Vietnam War?

Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact c

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE “COMFORT WOMEN”

Moteki Hiromichi, CEO
Sekai Shuppan
Misguided activists
They argue that members of the Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps were forced to become military prostitutes, which is total nonsense. They institute lawsuits. They demand apologies. Every Wednesday they hold demonstrations. And now they have outdone themselves by installing a statue of a young woman in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul to symbolize Korean women whom they allege were coerced into sexual slavery during World War II. Who are these Koreans, and why do they continue to indulge in such shameless behavior?

The claim that members of the Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps were military prostitutes is worse than misguided; it is an outright lie. The two have absolutely no connection with each other.

In accordance with the National Labor Mobilization Order issued in 1941, all unmarried women between the ages of 14 and 25 were required to serve their country by working in a factory or other production facility for a total of 30 days per year. An administrative order issued by a vice-minister in September 1943, and intended to encourage women to help the war effort by doing factory work, resulted in the formation of groups of volunteer female workers (the Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps). In March 1944, with the expansion of the program, the term of service was extended to one year. In August 1944, with the issuance of the Women’s Volunteer Labor Ordinance, industrial service became mandatory for women. The ordinance applied to Korean women as well, but unlike in Japan proper, it elicited little response, but the Government-General did not want to force the issue by making women’s labor mandatory. When Korea was a tributary state of China, women were sometimes offered to the Chinese as tribute; the Koreans misunderstood the term “Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps,” thinking that they were being asked to render sexual services. But most of the volunteer work took place in nearby factories. It was very rare to assign Korean women to factories in Japan proper. And the corps never had any connection with military prostitutes, who worked in overseas war zones.

In fact, not one interview of a former military prostitute has revealed that women who joined the Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps were then forced to serve as prostitutes. An Byeong-jik, a former Seoul University professor, supervised a research report based on interviews with former military prostitutes (Testimonies, Part I: Korean Women Forced To Serve as Military Prostitutes). According to that report, of 19 somewhat reliable testimonies, only two of the women said that they were compelled to join the Women’s Volunteer Labor Corps and taken to Busan, in one case, and Toyama, in the other. Both allegations are dubious and, in any case, neither Busan nor Toyama was a battle zone.1
1 Nishioka Tsutomu, Yoku wakaru ianfu mondai (Complete guide to the “comfort women” issue) (Tokyo: Soshisha, 2007), p. 98; English title: Behind the Comfort Women Controversy: How Lies Became Truth, http://www.sdh-fact.com/CL02_1/39_S4.pdf, p. 41.

Yoshida’s “confession” repudiated
One of the more prominent Korean organizations focusing on the “comfort women” (the term often used to describe military prostitutes) issue is the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Sexual Slavery by Japan. (Its English-language name is misleading and deceptive: a literal translation of the original name is “Council on the Korean Volunteer Labor Corps Question.”) The council’s founding principle is a bald-faced lie . there is no other way to put it . and the behavior of its members is shameless and shrill. It is destined to bring dishonor to the Koreans.

However, in examining source material relating to the comfort women, I have had occasion to feel respect for the Korean people. One instance was my reaction to a report entitled “Special Questions on Koreans,” which is housed in the US National Archives (My subsequent search for the English-language version was unsuccessful, but I believe that the document is genuine.)2
2 “Composite Report on Three Korean Navy Civilians,” List No. 78, 28 March 1945. US National Archives.
3 Yoshida Seiji, Watakushi no senso hanzai: Chosenjin kyosei renko (My war crimes: abduction of Koreans) (Tokyo: San’ichi Shobo, 1983).

This is what the three Korean prostitutes told the Americans: “All Korean prostitutes working in the Pacific theater applied for that work of their own free will, or were sold by their parents. If the women had truly been abducted, Koreans, young and old, would have gone on a rampage and, heedless of possible repercussions, killed the Japanese.”

This made perfect sense to me, as I know how proud the Korean people are. If women had been abducted, there would have been riots.

Another instance is the hunt for prostitutes described by the infamous Yoshida Seiji in My War Crimes.3 He claims that a “roundup” of potential military prostitutes took place on Jeju Island. Heo Yeong-seon, a reporter for the Jeju Ilbo, a daily newspaper, decided to investigate; she visited the village where the abductions supposedly took place.

She spoke to Chon Ok-tan (85), a resident of Seongsan-li, who rejected Yoshida’s story: “It’s not true. There are only a little over 250 houses in this village. If an incident that serious, where 15 people were abducted, had taken place, everyone would have heard about it. But no one did.”

Local historian Kim Bong-ok, infuriated by Yoshida’s lies, said: “It is a totally immoral book that shows how corrupt the Japanese are.”

These seem to be very healthy responses from respectable Koreans. Unfortunately, the article in the Jeju Ilbo was ignored in Korea. And Koreans failed to react to Yoshida’s book, which maintains that the Japanese treated Koreans brutally and unjustly, and that the latter neither resisted nor protested. They might just well have said, “Our women were abducted and taken away, and we, their miserable
compatriots, offered no resistance.” I don’t think anyone would blame me for asking, “Where is your pride as Koreans? You should be ashamed of yourselves.”

“Strongman” Syngman Rhee silent on “comfort women”
How did this whole controversy begin? Not in Korea, but in Japan! The first assertions that Korean women were coerced into serving as military prostitutes were made not by Koreans, but by Japanese. The anti-Japanese movement in Korea owes its existence to Koreans who were fooled by the lies of a Japan-hating Japanese.

Prior to World War II, Japan never attempted to conceal or control information about the existence of military prostitutes. In fact, recruitment notices appeared in newspapers (see Fig. 2). Private brokers made strenuous efforts to recruit them, for obvious reasons. At that time prostitution was legal in Japan, just as it was in most of the world’s nations. It was therefore not at all unusual to establish brothels in battle zones. That is why Korea’s leading newspapers carried advertisements intended to attract women to work in those brothels. It is also common knowledge that a large number of Korean women worked in war zones as military prostitutes.

Fig. 1: Source material released by the Korean government in an attempt to demonstrate that Korean women were coerced into serving as comfort women; strangely enough, it includes newspaper advertisements for comfort women (see Fig. 2)

Fig. 2: Advertisements for comfort women in Seoul newspapers stating that remuneration is \300 per month, and that advances of up to \3,000 may be granted; (left)
Keijo Nippo (July 26, 1944) and (right) Mainichi Shimbun (October 27, 1944)

After Japan was defeated in World War II, Korean President Syngman Rhee implemented uncompromising anti-Japanese policies, making demand after demand, including reparations for having impressed Koreans into the labor force. But he did not insist that reparations be paid to military prostitutes, because such a demand would exceed the bounds of common sense. Rhee certainly knew about military prostitutes and the high wages they commanded. Everyone knew.

It is common knowledge that Koreans residing in Japan at the end of the war claimed, preposterously, that they were citizens of a victor nation and should be treated as such. There were many Koreans holding high-ranking positions in the JCP (Japanese Communist Party), among them Kim Cheon-hae, who voiced strenuous demands relating to the rights of Koreans residing in Japan. However, no one referred to requisitioned labor as “forced labor.” No demands for reparations or accusations that prostitutes were coerced were forthcoming, precisely because they would have had no basis.

Immediately after World War II, when memories of the time previous to the conflict were still vivid, no one made up stories about how women had been compelled to serve as prostitutes. It wasn’t until memories had begun to fade, in the 1970s, that journalist Senda Kako wrote a book entitled Military Comfort Women. In it he used language (“military comfort women,” for instance) that didn’t even exist before or during the war, and is also misleading. For instance, “military comfort women” gives the impression that the prostitutes were attached to a military unit, like military correspondents were, but this was not at all the case. Nevertheless, many left-wing human rights activists embraced what Senda wrote as though it were the truth.4 Then Aoyagi Atsuko and Takagi Ken’ichi (a lawyer) entered the scene; they went to Korea, where they encouraged former military prostitutes to institute lawsuits. They were not
4 Senda Kako, Jugun ianfu (Military comfort women) (Tokyo: Futabasha, 1973).
responding to Korean demands for redress. It was not Koreans, but left-wing Japanese human rights activists who launched a “comfort women campaign” founded on lies.

Yoshida: fabulist of the century
When the lies about women having been coerced to serve as military prostitutes began to spread, Yoshida Seiji burst onto the scene with his earth-shaking confession.

The year was 1983, and Yoshida’s published confession was entitled My War Crimes: Abduction of Koreans. The author, who claims to have been head of the Shimonoseki Branch Mobilization Department, which operated under the oversight of the Yamaguchi Prefectural Labor Association, recalls receiving an order from Western District Army Headquarters stating that 200 Korean women from the Women’s Labor Volunteer Corps were to be mobilized as military prostitutes. Yoshida then proceeds to describe how women were rounded up on Jeju Island and elsewhere.

Those who weren’t aware of the facts (or rather, those who were convinced that Japanese military personnel were evil personified), must have thought that Yoshida’s realistically woven tale was true. Surely they felt new anger at the unforgivable criminal acts he recounted.

The book had a tremendous impact. Asahi Shimbun and other publications of its ilk were already entrenched in the conviction that Japanese soldiers were wicked creatures. Those publications gave Yoshida’s book a tremendous amount of coverage, primarily because he validated their own credo. It isn’t difficult to understand why the many Diet representatives who simple-mindedly believe that the Asahi Shimbun is the font of wisdom believed Yoshida as well. So widespread had the myth of women coerced into prostitution become that even a Foreign Ministry bureaucrat, when questioned about the veracity of Yoshida’s claims, said “Why would an admitted wrongdoer lie?” Nishioka Tsutomu felt compelled to include this comment in his book.5
5 Nishioka, op. cit., p. 59; English translation at http://www.sdh-fact.com/CL02_1/39_S4.pdf, p.25.

Yoshida Seiji didn’t stop with My War Crimes. He set out on an atonement pilgrimage, travelling to Korea, where he prostrated himself and begged for forgiveness!

But as I have already stated, everything he wrote or said was untrue. His lies further entrenched Korean misconceptions, even inspiring the erection of a statue commemorating the suffering of the “coerced comfort women,” an act historic in its imbecility.

At long last Yoshida’s lies were exposed, and even the Asahi Shimbun and television coverage of his book and adventures ceased. But I find it unforgiveable that neither the Asahi Shimbun nor the television networks had the decency to print or broadcast a retraction. That means that many Japanese continue to harbor the notion, however vague, women really were coerced into serving as military prostitutes, and by extension, that Japanese military personnel must have been involved in other acts involving compulsion and fraud.

Why did Yoshida Seiji go to the trouble of making up stories that incriminated him, and then broadcast them to the world? Readers may wonder, as did the Foreign Ministry bureaucrat, why someone would confess falsely. But it is not difficult to arrive at an explanation.

It is righteous to condemn the evil Japanese military. It is categorically righteous to expose evil deeds perpetrated by the Japanese military and to denounce them. It may seem as though Yoshida is apologizing for having been party to those evil deeds. But in actuality he becomes symbolic of the Japanese military; when he confesses to his sins and prostrates himself, he enters the realm of absolute righteousness. And one might add that it is permissible to lie to attain absolute righteousness.

We should be mindful that, to use the language of Lenin, the notion that the end justifies the means is coursing through leftist minds.

And he calls himself a lawyer!
The term “sex slave” is now in widespread use all over the world, particularly in the context of military prostitutes who serviced Japanese soldiers. For this we have Totsuka Etsuro, a Japanese attorney, to thank. Totsuka represents International

Fig. 3: Article in Mainichi Shimbun (May 12, 1992 edition) about former military prostitute Mun Ok-ju, who accumulated \26,145 in savings; headlines read “Records of military savings account found”; “Right to claim has not expired. Give me my money!”

Education Development (IED), a Japanese NGO. Sex slaves is the term he used in his relentless petitions to the UNCHR (UN Commission on Human Rights) for the opportunity to address the comfort women issue. It is indeed unfortunate that the UNHCR adopted Totsuka’s terminology.

According to left-wing doctrine, lying is a permissible means to an end. To achieve righteousness (condemning the Japanese military as evil), it is perfectly all right to lie.

We can forgive the world outside Japan for being unfamiliar with military prostitution and how it works. But here we have a Japanese lawyer who is convinced that the
military prostitutes visited by Japanese soldiers were sex slaves. How can someone be so ill informed and ignorant?

“Comfort women” is a term often used to describe military prostitutes who worked in overseas war zones where the Japanese fought. How could Totsuka not know that? It is hard to imagine how someone so ignorant could manage to exercise the legal profession.

An article in the Mainichi Shimbun (Fig. 3) dated May 12, 1992 states that Mun Ok-ju, a former military prostitute who worked in Burma, once visited the Shimonoseki Post Office to claim funds she had deposited in her postal savings account during her term of service (two years and six months). Ms. Mun had accumulated a balance of \26,145! Since it is unlikely that she deposited all the money she earned, she may have been making as much as \1,000 per month. This was in an era when an Army officer earned a monthly salary of \70 (or at the maximum, \90, if one includes a combat allowance). Ms. Mun must have been paid more than 10 times that, or 40 or 50 times the salary of a rank-and-file soldier.

Does Totsuka Etsuro really think women with such high earnings were sex slaves? Whatever the case, \26,000 would have bought Ms. Mun 10 houses in her native land. Does Totsuka not know that women from poor families were willing to take risks and face danger when a great deal of money was at stake?

It would seem that Totsuka Etsuro, in petitioning the UNCHR on behalf of “sex slaves,” was guilty of a crime of conscience motivated by leftist ideology. Perhaps that was not the case, but his behavior was certainly shameful.

Mike Honda and the US Congress
By adopting the term “sex slaves,” the UNHCR perpetuated the grossly mistaken notion that the Japanese forced women into prostitution. Furthermore, the words have such a powerful impact that they robbed listeners or readers of their reasoning power, and caused outrage to multiply exponentially.

Totsuka and other Japanese left-wing human rights activists, as well as like-minded anti-Japanese Koreans, shared their views about military prostitutes with American left-wing human rights activists. Consequently, in 2006 a resolution condemning Japan was brought before the House Committee on International Relations, which passed it; however, it did not go further that that.

The Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact sent messages protesting the injustice of the resolution via facsimile to all 435 members of the US House of Representatives. Nevertheless, Rep. Mike Honda submitted another, similar resolution in 2008. We sent a list of open questions to Honda, which explained, in great detail, exactly why the resolution was unjust. We sent copies of those questions to Rep. Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (the new name of the House Committee on International Relations), and to the other committee members.

In those open questions we placed particular emphasis on an official US document emanating from the US Office of War Information, Psychological Warfare Team attached to the US Army Forces, India-Burma Theater. The document states that
“‘comfort girls’ are nothing more than a prostitute or professional ‘camp follower,’” and that the that “the girls’ average total monthly earnings were 1,500 yen, and 750 yen went to their master.”

This is a very reliable document, based on interviews of prisoners of war conducted by US military personnel. The comfort women were not coerced, and they were paid very well for their services. The document thoroughly repudiates the claims about sex slaves stated in the resolution. Incidentally, Japanese Army sergeants at the time were paid \30 per month; therefore, the prostitutes made 25 times what they did.

This document alone negates the portion of the resolution that reads as follows:

Whereas the ‘comfort women’ system of forced military prostitution by the Government of Japan, considered unprecedented in its cruelty and magnitude, included gang rape, forced abortions, humiliation, and sexual violence resulting in mutilation, death, or eventual suicide in one of the largest cases of human trafficking in the 20th century;6
6 http://www.thomas.gov/home/gpoxmlc110/hr121_ih.xml.
7 Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975), p. 95.

This notwithstanding, our open questions and protests were ignored. We even wrote to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, asking her to review the facts carefully before voting on the resolution. This appeal too was ignored, and the US House of Representatives passed a resolution based on lies, and thus unparalleled in history.

Mike Honda and the US Congress must be made to understand that they passed a criminally fallacious resolution.

How the US military procured prostitutes
Throughout history all the world’s nations have formulated policies designed to respond to the sexual needs of their soldiers stationed overseas, in accordance with domestic laws governing prostitution. In Japan prostitution was legal; therefore, brothels were established in war zones and run as businesses.

Since prostitution was not legal in the US, prostitutes were procured locally. There is no need to go back 70 years to learn what the situation was. In her best-selling Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape, Susan Brownmiller describes the situation in Vietnam 50 years ago, and the behavior of American GIs.

Military brothels on Army base camps (“Sin Cities,” “Disneylands” or “boom-boom parlors”) were built by decision of a division commander, a two-star general, and were under the direct operational control of a brigade commander with the rank of colonel. Clearly, Army brothels in Vietnam existed by the grace of Army Chief of Staff William C. Westmoreland, the United States Embassy in Saigon, and the Pentagon.7

Americans seem to believe that their soldiers are innocents who would never

Fig. 4: Articles from Dong-a Ilbo dated January 31, 1961 (left) and September 14 of the same year (right) about Korean government establishing brothels for American GIs

patronize a prostitute, but they are in for a huge surprise. They are still doing what Japanese military personnel were doing during World War II. The only difference is how the prostitutes were hired (domestically or locally).

And what were American GIs doing in Korea? Articles appearing in Dong-a Ilbo, one of Korea’s leading dailies, on January 31 and September 14, 1961 (Fig. 4) answer the question.

The January 31 article describes a training course for 800 prostitutes conducted by US Army officers and Korean police. Taking strict precautions to prevent the spread of venereal disease was the main focus of the program. The September 14 article states that the police in Seoul had asked municipal authorities to oversee the registration of prostitutes who serviced United Nations Command soldiers, again in an attempt to prevent the spread of venereal disease.

Therefore, we know that American military personnel procured prostitutes locally, with the cooperation of the Korean government. Americans have no business condemning Japan. But more important, I recommend that Koreans and their government, if they object so much to the procurement of military prostitutes, focus their wrath not on events that occurred nearly a century ago, but something much more recent and much closer to home.

Kono Yohei owes Japan an apology
As already stated, the Japanese government did not coerce Korean women into serving as military prostitutes. Nor was it necessary to do so, given the laws and mores of that era. Interviews of former military prostitutes have failed to prove otherwise.

But one Japanese politician issued a statement that pandered to demands from the Korean government. On August 4, 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Kono Yohei issued what is now known as the Kono Statement. In it he conceded that women were indeed coerced into serving as military prostitutes in some cases, for which he apologized. Kono was admitting to coercion “in a broad sense,” an extremely bizarre turn of phrase. His words were exceedingly ill-chosen, since they implied that every unfortunate
event in society can be blamed on “coercion by the authorities” (the women came from poor families). Furthermore, as a result of his statement, the idea that the Japanese forced women to serve as military prostitutes, turning them into sex slaves, and mistreated them, soon spread all over the world.

The Kono Statement was issued even though Deputy Cabinet Secretary Ishihara Nobuo had said that an examination of all research resources, including interviews with former comfort women, had revealed no proof of coercion. Then what motivated Kono to issue the statement, with its “broad sense” excuse?

My guess is that that Kono is a victim of the Tokyo Trials mindset, meaning that he is convinced that the Japanese military committed atrocities during World War II. Consequently, he felt that he should apologize because, despite the fact that there was no conclusive proof of those evil deeds, Japanese soldiers must have committed crimes. The media, including Asahi Shimbun, had devoted an inordinate amount of time and space to Yoshida Seiji’s comfort women hunt tales. But they never issued a retraction, even after they discovered he had been lying, probably because in the back of their minds was the thought that there really had been coercion, somewhere, somehow. And the government must have issued the criminal statement for the same reason, because they thought it was the right thing to do.

The ignorance and the masochistic perception of Japanese history that arise from laziness, which prevented him from doing a careful investigation into the facts, makes Kono Yohei guilty of crimes against Japan. He should apologize for the statement he made. If he has a conscience, that is.

Fraud with international repercussions
The first attempt at government regulation of prostitutes was made in Paris in 1798. Not long thereafter Great Britain enacted a law designed to prevent the spread of venereal disease, which was to be administered by military authorities (British colonial policy involved dispatching a great number of soldiers to foreign outposts).

By the mid-1850s the concept of the oversight of venereal disease had been introduced to Japan from Great Britain and other European nations. Japan made genuine efforts to regulate prostitution and manage venereal disease in both the civilian and military populations.

The Relationship Between ‘Comfort Women’ and Medical Treatment, written by Amako Kuni and Aso Tetsuo, traces the history of prostitution in the modern era, as well as attempts to prevent the spread of venereal disease. It also describes efforts made by the Japanese military along those lines in detail. Dr. Aso writes about his experiences as an army physician and his efforts to prevent venereal disease and to improve methods of combating it. The book also includes an essay he wrote entitled “Assertive Venereal Prophylaxis,” which contains Dr. Aso’s descriptions of methods used to fight venereal disease in France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, the
US and the Soviet Union. It turns out that the Japanese were more conscientious than other nations in waging war with these diseases. Any claims that the Japanese rounded up and abused “sex slaves” are utter nonsense.

Once their coercion argument is thoroughly discredited, human rights activists will broach the charge that prostitution should be regarded as the abuse of women, and attempt to continue with their condemnation of the Japanese military.

But prostitution and military prostitution have been practiced all over the world since ancient times. Singling out the Japanese military as a horrible example would be nothing less than discriminatory. If they truly care about women’s rights, as they claim to, these activists should focus not on the past, but on the present, since prostitution exists all over the world, as does military prostitution.

Furthermore, if their protest is against women whose rights were violated because they suffered in a battle zone, they should not limit their attention to the comfort women. People of any occupation may be subject to unfair treatment, and may suffer in many ways in a battle zone. It is hard to see the point in dredging up events that allegedly transpired 70 years ago. Former comfort women’s statements are likely to be unreliable, or even contrived. One cannot help but conclude that there is a hidden, ulterior motive to their demanding reparations and apologies from Japan on the basis of groundless accusations.

Now that the “coercion” accusation has been discredited, one would think that the comfort women issue would be laid to rest. But then someone mentions “coercion in the broad sense,” which encourages human rights activists to continue their railing about the comfort women issue. The only conclusion possible is that they are hell-bent on vilifying Japan, even today, by branding the Japanese military as evil incarnate.

The Japanese did not force anyone into sexual slavery. Accusing them of having done so and calling them the worst violators of human rights in history does nothing to protect anyone’s human rights. The only outcome is the sullying of Japan’s national honor. Those who brandish the human rights banner in this particular case are committing unconscionable, international fraud.

(This essay originally appeared in the January 2012 issue of Rekishi tsu (The History Enthusiast), published by WAC Magazines Co., Ltd.)

Moteki Hiromichi was born in Tokyo in 1941. After graduating from Tokyo University with a degree in economics, he worked for Fuji Electric and the International Wool Secretariat. In 1990 he established Sekai Shuppan, a publishing company. The company launched Mangajin, a monthly bilingual magazine for students of the Japanese language and culture. Mr. Moteki is secretary-general of the Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact.

Foreign Correspondents Ask about "Comfort Women" answered by Fujioka Nobukatsu

2012-03-09T21:54:00.003+09:00

http://www.jiyuushikan.org/e/comfort.html

Heated Q&A Session follows Professor Fujioka's Talk at the Foreign Correspondents' Club

In the Q & A session, English was used by questioners and Japanese by Professor Fujioka for answers. The questions are unchanged from the original. Certain revisions have been made in the English translated replies for greater clarity.

Question 1 (Gebhard Hielscher, Sudduetsche Zeitung) :
You say there's no evidence of foreign women having been forced into prostitution, and use as a case one particular incident. I have not checked out Mr. Yoshida's village, so if that case is right or wrong, I don't know, but there's plenty of other villages, where it has been established that many women were actually tricked or forced from villages into service for the Japanese, which turned out to be prostitution, which they didn't know when they were taken from their village as young girls, not as prostitutes.

I've talked to several of them myself already many years ago at a seminar in Shizuoka, where some of them were there. There have been later cases. There's no question that many of these cases exist, so I find it strange how you can make a statement, that there's no evidence. There's plenty of evidence. If you don't want to recognize it, that's your problem, not a problem of history.
When you then say the Japanese didn't commit any worse crimes than anybody else, that may be so, but you think that, for instance, if you drive faster than the drive limit allows, and the police stops you, and you say, well, there were others who also drove faster, that will save you from punishment? That is, what I'm trying to say is you have to handle your own problems, others will have to handle theirs.

For instance, you didn't even mention the statement by the government, Mr. Kono, when he was government spokesman for the Miyazawa government at the end. He made a official statement, the government was in fact through the army involved in prostitution. How can you make such a statement that there's no evidence without even referring to the government acknowledgement of it? I find it very strange, and I find it particularly strange from someone who calls himself an academic.

Answer 1 (Fujioka) :
Thank you for your very straightforward question.
I believe that the questions that you have just posed need to be placed on the table when we talk about "military comfort women".

There were three points in your question.

First of all, you have no objections about what I have just mentioned about the testimony by Mr. Yoshida.

However, I should emphasize that comfort women became a serious issue only after almost ten years after Mr. Yoshida's book got published, in 1983. "Comfort women" were never mentioned before that time.

I mentioned Professor Hata's field trip. I should emphasize that even before his research trip, a Korean reporter studied it on her own initiative and had reached the conclusion that such a thing had not occurred, that Mr. Yoshida's story about the Japanese army kidnapping Korean women and forcing them into prostitution was totally fictitious. This was the conclusion of a Korean reporter, working for a Korean newspaper.

The reason why the reporter started delving into this topic was that she had read the Korean translated version of Yoshida Seiji's book about the forced transport of Korean women, described very vividly. The translation came out in 1989. The reporter is from the area of Chuje island, where the kidnapping supposedly took place. She was absolutely amazed, and she started asking senior villagers and local historians. The result was they all denied that there had been such acts.

So I would like you to understand that the testimony of Mr. Yoshida was in fact the starting point of this big issue. This is not one of the later "testimonies", but the very decisive "testimony" that was the starting point of the whole issue.
Now please use your common sense. If truly there had been acts of kidnapping Korean women, numbering over 10,000, by the former Japanese army, if these ladies had been truly forced into trucks, and carried away to war zones to work as sex slaves, why didn't the Korean people resist, even though it was war-time?

Believing such a story amounts to insult to the fathers and mothers of Korean young women.

It is possible to argue that during the war, people were not able to protest because Japan controlled Korea. But what about after the war? After the war, Japan was criticized in many ways for various behavior during the war. Some of these criticisms were natural consequences and rightfully made. However, was Japan ever criticized at that time, even once, for forcing women into becoming comfort women? Never.

In 1965, a normalization treaty called Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea was concluded, and agreements were made on, for example, giving up Japanese assets in Korea. All kinds of war-related issues were brought up and hard negotiations were made. If there had been acts as inhuman as forcing women into prostitution, Korea would certainly have taken it up. It would necessitate an immediate apology from Japan, and an even greater sum of reparation. During the whole course of bilateral negotiations, this issue was not once taken up.

The "testimonies" you mention have all appeared after the publication of Mr.Yoshida's story, after which the "comfort women" issue began to take shape. What I'm saying is I do not doubt the ladies had worked as prostitutes in war zone, but there is no evidence that they were forced into prostitution by the Japanese army.

Let me answer the second question, on war crimes. I'm in total agreement that one cannot rationalize a speed limit violation just because another guy has also committed a speed limit violation. The important thing is the nature and the degree of war crimes committed by Japan. For these crimes, Japan has already completed ample indemnity and apologies.

Thirdly, I'd like to talk about the statement made by Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono, during the Miyazawa administration. It pains me as a Japanese citizen to say this, but I believe that our government often loses its function as a normal, independent, autonomous entity.

Mr.Kono's statement is such an example. If the Japanese government had carried out an extensive study, surely there would have been numerous witnesses to testify about forced transport of women. The government did nothing of the sort. All it did was to go to locations pre-designated by former comfort women, and listen only to their stories. The government did not bother to cross-check their stories.

There is absolutely no public document, or any other evidence, that even hints at the possibility that the military took away Korean women, and forced them into prostitution.

Nevertheless, despite all these facts, Mr. Kono made an announcement, in ambiguous words, which can be interpreted to mean the government acknowledges that the army enforced Korean women into prostitution. This lamentable incident has greatly hurt the honor and dignity of the Japanese people. The Japanese government has bowed to the pressure of the Korean government and other activist groups to issue a statement without verifying the facts. It's a very complex issue and I could talk on and on, but I would like to stop here.

Question 2 (Peter McGill, Asahi Evening News) :
First of all you said Japan has profoundly apologized and paid for its war crimes. That is so, such nonsense, that is almost laughable. If it's true, then there really wouldn't be a problem. We all know it's a major problem around the world. Japan has not profoundly apologized for it, and certainly not paid for it. I mean, I really can't understand how a professor of any university, let alone Todai, can make such a preposterous statement, as you have today before this gathering.

I have two questions.

First is what you say about national honor. That sort of thing usually goes together with concern about national security. Now, you haven't mentioned national security, but I naturally assume that you believe it should be re-doubled and strengthened and all those kind of things.
What about the alternative proposition that people such as yourself, the so-called revisionists, who say that Japan has nothing to apologize for and really didn't do anything wrong, are in fact enemies of Japan's national security, because they are largely responsible for the ideas they espouse, create such suspicion and distrust of Japan around the world. The major reason why Japan has so few friends anywhere in the world, because people just don't trust a nation that behaves and says things like that. You're actually damaging very profoundly the national security of your country. What do you think about that?

My second question is, I'm sure you don't intend this, but you've become a hero of right-wing thugs of this country, the people who threaten publishers, who have resorted to violence and murder, not just in the 1930's, but in the far more recent past in Japan, and they treat you like an intellectual hero. Of course, they're the enemies of free speech, they're the enemies of democracy.

I mean, they... How can one describe them? I was wondering, how you find that compatible with, you know, being the professor of Japan's leading university, paid for by all of us taxpayers. You know, you're actually a civil servant. Todai is supposed to be, you know, the citadel of freedom and free speech. Yet you're being idolized by people who believe in the opposite, who want to end free speech, who threaten people who don't agree with you.

Answer 2 (Fujioka) :
First of all, there is absolutely no truth to the fact that I am denying all war crimes committed by Japan. What I am saying is that Japan's war crimes have been no worse than war crimes committed by other countries. Today's topic is about the accusation that the Japanese army took women away and forced them to become prostitutes. This accusation is totally unjustified. The Japanese army never did a thing like that. Why does my denial on this particular point leads you to the conclusion that I am denying all Japanese war crimes? Your question is illogical and misleading.

You also say that such a denial makes the position of Japan a bad one, one without friends.
Actually, the opposite is true. End of last year, President Ziang Zemin of China visited Japan. He demanded written apologies from the Japanese government, which Japan refused. Afterwards, The London Economist commented that the Japanese government did a good thing for the world. Why? Because The London Economist said the boss of a communist party, which has killed tens of millions of its own people, is not qualified to attack something that happened more than 50 years ago. They called it "stomach churning".

It is true that arguments like yours exist, and it is a handy one for attacking Japan. However, the world does not necessarily agree with you. We need to look at things in a balanced way. I believe that time has come to stop endless apologies, but rather distinguish between right and wrong, and deal with issues in a well-balanced manner. I believe that today's world appreciates more a Japanese who can deal with matters rationally and resolutely.

You mention that I am supported by the right wing, who threaten publishers. I have nothing to do with such people. I do not believe in such acts, and when you criticize me in such a way, you should provide evidence. I'm positively against such behavior. For example, there have been acts by right wings, who cut the screen of a film they didn't like. I think this is very foolish behavior, and it has exactly a reverse effect. I believe in freedom, democracy, and protection of free speech, and which are pre- conditions for Japanese society to advance, and that includes history education.

You are calling me the hero of such rightists. Is there any data about this? However I can speculate on the reasons. I think these people are not seriously thinking about historical issues, or they have reverse intentions. In Japan, we have a phrase, "homegoroshi", or "praise someone to kill him" It is in fact possible to do this. You praise someone so high, that people will have an opposite reaction to that praise. Politically, it is a very simple method. I hope you honorable reporters will not be fooled by it.

Question 3 (A. Horvat, Tokyo resident) :
In 1989, the well-known British sociologist Ronald Dore gave a talk at this club, and he was also asked at that time about the comfort women controversy. He made the following rather prescient suggestion, and that is that "wouldn't it be great if the Japanese government would hand over this subject to an impartial body of foreign historians, which might be acceptable to all sides, and to ask them to look into details from an impartial third-party point of view, and come back with a report.

Professor Dore suggested there had been several German companies that had done the same thing, and had opened their files about the abuses which they were accused of doing during World War II.

A number of these companies had accepted the reports, and have abided by them and considered them part of their corporate history. I'm wondering if your group would be interested in having such a body set up, and whether you would be willing to abide by the conclusions of an international group of historians?

Answer 3 (Fujioka) :
Thank you for your very constructive opinion. Your suggest that the Japanese government hand over research to a third foreign party.

The presumption here is that the Japanese government would make efforts to arrive at a conclusion that benefits national interest, as much as possible. However, as Mr. Kono's statement shows, the reverse is the case. Even today, there is no authoritative body in this country making the effort to pursue the truth. Because of this fact, I believe that, first of all, the Japanese government should terminate Mr. Kono's unfounded statement, and start research on facts. Nothing will start without such a vital process. Of course, if an international organ or a group of scholars could be set up, with their neutrality and fairness guaranteed, I think that would be wonderful.

However, the way things are now, the Japanese government should utilize all its facilities and ability to carry out an investigation. For example, there are many people in Korea who lived through the same time period as when the supposed kidnapping took place. The government should ask these people what they know. I believe that such an investigation will reveal how fabricated the story is. So far the government has done nothing of the sort.

A governmental investigation should precede others, and when arguments from both sides are on the table, if international scholars investigate the matter further, from such a foundation, I think it could be a very fair process, to solve the matter conclusively.

Question 4 (Kang, Life and Dream Publishing Company, South Korea) :
My English is maybe not good enough, but I'll try to speak in English. We have basic difference, between you and me, between us, because you think there was no military comfort women, especially compulsory military comfort women. I and we think there are. I've so many things I can argue with you, but I'm afraid we have not enough time today. For instance, let me say a couple of things.

You say why Korean government did not act aggressively, I noticed. Why Korean peoples did not protest , when their daughter was dragged, I know the answer. If you like to know the reason for all of these, I'm willing to supply you the reason. I'm a free man. Maybe it will help you to your study. But today, I'd like to ask you, you are strongly working to delete this military comfort women clause in history book. Maybe you are ? in Japan. But how about have you ever thought of it globally, or of the same issues in other countries ? I'm saying students, when Japanese students, I should say your purification movement, they may think eventually there was no military comfort women, but the other countries, they will have more and more, this movement, will be progressed. Don't you think there is this big gap between the young people of Japan and other countries will make a serious problem?

Second question. Well, you can answer or not, you are free. More than one million Japanese young and strong soldiers went out to the front line. How do you think they solved their sexual appetite or sexual problem? You mentioned that mostly there were prostitutes. You think Japan had enough prostitutes to meet the demand of more than one million strong and young soldiers? Thank you.

Answer 4 (Fujioka) :
I'm not sure whether you are stating an opinion, or a question.

You say you have answers about why the Koreans did not oppose or criticize the Japanese. I can guess at your answers that you wish to give me, but since you are not making a public comment about it, I will not comment on it here.
You ask me whether I am considering this issue from a global viewpoint, and my answer is that of course I am considering it from a global, international viewpoint.

Judging the matter against international standards, I believe that the Japanese army did not take away unwilling women to force them into prostitution. However, I do imagine that during the war, there were war crimes committed by Japan. However, such war crimes, if they occurred, should be treated under the same standards as war crimes committed by other countries.

However, at the moment, Japan is being singled out for this issue. False information is being disseminated throughout the world under particular political intentions. I would like to remind you that the information is based on a false testimony, and an apology of the Japanese government, made without proper investigation. I intend to continue with my effort to erase the bad image that has been propagated throughout the world.

As for answering the sexual needs of one million soldiers, this kind of problem has existed for all armies of all countries. When Korea fought in the Vietnam War, the same problem surfaced. So my point is that surely the same international standard should be applied to discuss this issue.

former comfort woman defraud $ 1500000 with reporter of Asahi newspaper

2012-03-09T21:36:00.001+09:00

http://toriton.blog2.fc2.com/blog-entry-1131.html
「従軍慰安婦」捏造記事の朝日新聞・植村隆の義母も賠償詐欺で摘発！
「日本から補償金」３万人だます　韓国の団体幹部ら摘発
産経新聞　2011.5.9 09:43

Mother-in-law of Takashi Uemura in Asahi Shimbun fabricated reporter for "comfort women" is accused a lawsuit by compensation fraud !
officials organizations of South Korea are seized as deceive 30,000 people, "compensation from Japan"
Sankei Shimbun 2011.5.9 09:43

[Seoul=Katsuhiro Kuroda] Seoul city police announced recently,39 the executive of organization arrested on suspicion of fraud, against the victims during the Japanese occupation of wartime mobilization, said do receive compensation from the Japanese government, for the attorneys' fees,had defrauded 1.5 billion won; approximately 120 million yen,$ 1500000) Up to 30,000 victims.

accused are "Pacific War Victims Compensation war-bereaved association "and "private claim right suit organization", such has developed as do the requirement to japan,anti-Japanese meeting,demo.
Suspect has been also directed to (67) Chairman of the bereaved family,Yang Sun Im who is known activists in Japan since ancient times. it could take a brake on the movement compensation claims against Japan.

According to the announcement, Chairman Yang was recruiting members through in the war-bereaved meeting,association to claim and various organizations.There are also examples told a lie such as "anyone who can receive the compensation if alive at that time, even if person is not the victim of mobilization" and paid an allowance to collect the membership.
In the announcement of the police,chairman Yang had been "disguised activities" such as to mobilize members in about 500, set forth the banner on stand of the succor game for friendship Japan and Korea in Seoul, to request an apology and compensation to the Japanese government.

Kim Hak-soon,Kim Hak-Sun 金学順（キム・ハクスン、김학순、1924年-1997年12月16日）
Yang Sun Im 梁順任 양순임 ヤン・スニム

http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/news/110509/crm11050909470004-n1.htm

「日本から補償金」３万人だます　韓国の団体幹部ら摘発
2011.5.9 09:43
【ソウル＝黒田勝弘】ソウル市警察当局はこのほど、日本統治時代の戦時動員被害者に対し、日本政府などから補償金を受け取ってやるといって弁護士費用などの名目で会費１５億ウォン（約１億２千万円）をだまし取っていた団体幹部など３９人を、詐欺の疑いで摘発したと発表した。被害者は３万人に上る。

摘発されたのは「太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会」「民間請求権訴訟団」など対日要求や反日集会・デモを展開してきた団体。古くからの活動家で日本でも知られる梁順任・遺族会会長（６７）にも容疑が向けられており、対日補償要求運動にブレーキがかかりそうだ。

発表によると、梁会長らは遺族会や訴訟団など各種団体を組織して会員を募集。その際「動員犠牲者でなくても当時を生きた者なら誰でも補償を受け取れる」などと嘘を言った例もあり、会員を集めると手当を支払っていたという。警察発表では、梁会長らはソウルでの日韓親善サッカーの試合のスタンドに約５００人の会員を動員し、日本政府に謝罪と補償を要求する横断幕を掲げる“偽装活動”をしてきたとしている。

the aunt put glasses and a white maskand in the foreground is Yang Sun Im
手前の眼鏡と白マスクの婆が、양순임＝ヤンスンニム・梁順任会長

Mobilized about 500 members in Japan and South Korea friendly match to stand,
"disguised Activities " up in the banner to request an apology and compensation to Japan
************************************************** ********
Korea watchers for many years well-known the fabrication problem,but for those who recently woke up from "blur peace" until now, keep reading!

日韓親善試合のスタンドに約５００人の会員を動員し、
日本に謝罪と補償を要求する横断幕を掲げる“偽装活動”
**********************************************************
長年の韓国ウォッチャーにとっては良く知られた捏造問題だが
今まで”平和ボケ”して、最近目覚めた人の為に･･･
よく読んでおこうね！

[the crime for Takashi Uemura who buried inside documents,

the back of the "scoop" on August 11 in 1991, on "Asahi Shimbun" ,crossed with Kim Hak-Sun who testified that "i was sold as Kisaeng at the age of 14 for 40yen;currency $5000"

The first scoop on Asahi Shimbun was for 3 days ago when Kim Huksun pressed her conference in Korea. how could they such a thing, the reporter Uemura is a son-in-law of Yang Sun Im who is a executive director, the leader of the "the meeting bereaved victims in Pacific War" including Kim Huksun, he is husband of her daughter.
In other words, in order to trick the leader of the plaintiff was the mother-in-law, he got exclusive interview of Kim Huksun.
("WiLL" May,Nishioka documenton page 67-68 that "all began with the fabrication of the Asahi Shimbun" )

further more Mr. Nishioka claims that Uemura Takashi carry favor the trial of his mother-in-law,intentionally hiding the facts "she was sold as Kisaeng" .

its not only the crime by Takashi Uemura.
Uemura is the relation,be in a position to be able to view the internal documents in the victims families meeting the Pacific War which are in private.
it means that "Asahi newspaper" can touch the materials through by own reporter.

it is a part of darkness that led to the announcement by the traitor Kono's discourse.
Suppose, "Asahi newspaper" have conclusive evidence in inside documents, they tried to publish in any way.

Although there is only a guess, there were not Smoking Gun shown "forcing" in internal documents. "Asahi newspaper" screams in the editorial corner,anyway.
there is no change the fact,whether there was much involved with forced draft or not. So-what attitude they are let to faint
they says that no need the Compulsory.
If so, whether there national "crimes" is, in where the employee Kisaeng?
it is slapdash tone, Asahi challenged to raise the company against to Yomiuri.

【内部資料を葬った植村隆の暗黒度】

「14歳の時に40円でキーセンに売られた」と証言する金学順さんに絡んだ『朝日新聞』91年8月11日の“スクープ”の裏側だ。

最初の朝日新聞のスクープは、金学順さんが韓国で記者会見する３日前です。なぜ、こんなことができたかというと、植村記者は金学順さんも加わっている訴訟の原告組織「太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会」のリーダー的存在である梁順任常任理事の娘の夫なのです。
つまり、原告のリーダーが義理の母であったために、金学順さんの単独インタビューがとれたというカラクリです。
（『WiLL』5月号西岡論文「すべては朝日新聞の捏造から始まった」67〜68頁）

更に西岡氏は、植村隆が義母の裁判を有利に運ぶために「キーセンに売られた」事実を意図的に隠蔽したことも糾弾している。

植村隆の犯罪はそれだけではない。
身内である植村は非公開となっている太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会の内部資料を閲覧できる立場にいる。
つまり『朝日新聞』は自社の記者を通じて、問題の資料にタッチできるのだ。

それは河野売国談話の発表に至った闇の部分でもある。
仮に、その内部資料に決定的な証拠があれば『朝日新聞』は、どのような形でも公表していただろう。

推測でしかないが、その内部資料に「強制性」を示すスモーキング・ガンはなかった。何しろ当の『朝日新聞』は社説で、こう叫んでいるのだ。
強制連行があったのか、なかったのかにいくらこだわってみても、そうした事実が変わることはない。
卒倒するような開き直り方である。
強制性にこだわる必要はないのだそうだ。
そうならば、キーセン従業員のどこに国家的な“犯罪性”があるのか？

朝日が社をあげて読売に挑んだにしては投げやりな論調である。

●世紀の誤報記事書いた記者を未だに重用する朝日
http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/kim123hiro/48332876.html
朝日新聞OB・本郷美則氏によると、朝日社内の守旧左派は、中国・韓国の反日勢力と価値観を共有し、拉致、靖国、歴史、慰安婦などの問題で、事実を曲げてまで日本の過去を糾弾している。
その具体例として以下、従軍慰安婦狩りの記事を挙げている。

「朝日新聞に植村隆という記者がいる。
その植村記者が本年4月から始まった夕刊の連載「新聞と戦争」の「植民地朝鮮」シリーズを執筆すると知り、私は朝日の姿勢に重大な疑問を抱いた。

朝日は彼の発した報道の過ちを、15年以上も修正していない。
彼は91年8月11日の朝日新聞大阪本社版社会面のトップに、“ソウル発・植村隆”の署名記事で、“元朝鮮人従軍慰安婦”の生き証人が出現したと、大々的に報じた。

“先の大戦中に、女子挺身隊の名で戦場に連行され、日本軍人相手に売春行為を強いられた朝鮮人従軍慰安婦のうち、1人がソウル市内に生存していることがわかり、韓国挺身隊問題対策協議会が聞き取り調査を始めた”、
という書き出しである。

ところが、この記事の核心部分が“不実な情報”で構成され、以後の日本の政治・対アジア外交、そして教育までを迷走させる結果になった。
要するに、記事の背後に報道を私した政治的謀略が潜んでいた。

植村記事の背景には、83年に、“私の戦争犯罪・朝鮮人強制連行”を出版した元陸軍兵士・吉田清治が書いた
“済州島で朝鮮人女性250人を、慰安婦にするため狩り出した”
との詐話を鵜呑みにして、朝日が大阪本社を中心に展開した一連の報道があった。

ところが吉田証言は、植村記事が出る2年前の89年8月、すでに済州新聞の女性記者・許栄善による現地ルポと、韓国郷土史家・金奉玉の追跡調査で、“裏づけのないもの”と否定されてしまった。

そのため朝日としては、何とか吉田告白を裏打ちする生き証人が欲しかった。植村記者は、問題の記事を、“ソウル発"としたが、彼は当時、大阪社会部に属しており、当時ソウルには支局長も
支局員も常駐していた。

なぜ植村記者がこの記事を書いたのか。
実は彼の妻の母・粱順任は、91年12月、日本を相手に“従軍慰安婦”賠償訴訟を起す韓国の“太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会”の常任理事。
そのため彼は、韓国紙より先に、慰安婦生き証人の出現を報じた。
（インサイダー記事だ）

植村記者の義母らの訴えをきっかけに、“韓国人従軍慰安婦問題は、反日攻撃の有力な武器になり、翌９２年１月に韓国を訪れた宮沢喜一首相は、激しい反日デモの中で、盧泰大統領に何度も謝罪し、真相究明を約束する。それが問題の河野談話へつながる。

頼みの綱の吉田清治が、“告白手記はフィクションだった”と認めた後も、朝日は執拗に思い込み報道を続ける。
その軌跡を追うと、日本の過去への非難攻撃を。朝日は“報道の責務”と信じ込んでいる。事実を捏造歪曲してまで報道している。

植村記事は、訂正されるべきだった。
だが朝日は、居直り続けた。
何より許しがたいのは、身内の政治活動に加担する記事を書いたことだ。
身内を利する報道は、所属する新聞の信用を根底から損ねる。
朝日は、植村記者だけには、本問題を書かせてはならなかった。」

勘ぐれば、自社発捏造記事を正当化するため、
朝日は記者の韓国人妻の母親を使い、
社命で、慰安婦の生き証人をこしらえたのだ。
ウソの上にウソを積み重ねた。
そうでなければ、これほど国家に迷惑をかけている
世紀の誤報記事記者を、未だに重用する理由はない。

【太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会】は、集会はしても、訴訟は進まず、韓国人3万人から集めた１５億ウォン≒１億１４１０万円はどこかに消えてしまった。

日帝時代を経験した人なら誰でも訴訟に参加できて、誰もが補償金を受け取ることができると嘘をつき、金を集めてきた【太平洋戦争犠牲者遺族会】。
遺族会は、梁順任会長を解任したのだが、この朝日新聞・植村隆記者の義理の母「梁順任」は
職印を持って逃走したのである。

この詐欺事件は、韓国にとって、できれば内密にしたかっただろう。
しかし、現実には３万人が被害に遭い１５億ウォンもの大金が消えた。
隠し通して、闇から闇に葬る訳にはいかなかったのだろうね。

さて、この詐欺事件には共犯者と言える集団が日本に存在する。
当Blog、２０１０年８月２９日記事
●韓日両国国会議員が過去の清算を促す計画進行中･･･
９条連主導
http://toriton.blog2.fc2.com/blog-entry-564.html
「韓国強制併合100年」共同行動日本実行委員会
2010-05-25
５・２５院内集会開催
「韓国併合100年　日本に何が問われているのか」
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nikkan2010/
参加者　議員、秘書、市民、メディア関係者90～100名

日本側売国議員関係（議員１２名、秘書１４名）

■民主党
今野　東（参）、　齋藤　勁（衆）、
辻　恵（衆）大阪府17区弁護士　羽田闘争戦士
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BB%E6%81%B5、
藤田　一枝（衆）、首藤　信彦（衆）、生方　幸夫（衆）、石毛　えい子（衆）
大河原　雅子（参）

■共産党
笠井　亮（衆）
山下　芳生（参）

■社民党
服部良一　「戦争あかん！　平和大好き！　憲法護れ！」　
服部ピースネット　http://www.hattori-peacenet.com/cat1/
「集会の後、韓国議員団は菅直人副総理・財務大臣と
面会、懇談しました。」

■韓国人旧日本軍人軍属動員被害者補償法（案）
（補償金の支給および裁定）

第３条　政府は、韓国人軍人軍属動員被害者に対する補償金を支給する。

２　被害者当事者が亡くなっている場合は、その遺族に対して補償金の支給を行う。

３　補償金の支給を受けるべき遺族の範囲は、死亡した者の配偶者、子、父母、孫及び兄弟姉妹並びにこれらの者以外の三親等内の親族とする。

４　補償金を受ける権利の裁定は、これを受けようとするものの請求に基づき、厚生労働大臣が行う。
裁定にあたっては、国が保有する資料のほか、大韓民国政府機関による被害認定も踏まえて行うものとする。

（補償金の額）

第５条　補償金の額は、被害者一人あたり１００万円とする。

-------------------------------------------------------------------
会費１５億ウォン（約１億２千万円）を
だまし取っていた団体幹部など３９人･･･
この団体詐欺幹部と行動を共にして日本政府を脅していた
日本の人権屋弁護士やプロ市民達も共犯者ですよね。
犯罪の片棒を担ぎ続けてきたのだから！
ねぇ、福島瑞穂さん？

fraud comfort woman,Yang Sun Im and her US gangs

2012-03-09T21:02:00.000+09:00

http://mamorenihon.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/%E5%BE%93%E8%BB%8D%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6%E3%81%AB%E8%AC%9D%E7%BD%AA%E3%81%A8%E8%B3%A0%E5%84%9F%E3%81%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA%E5%A4%89%E6%85%8B%E6%A5%B5%E5%B7%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A3/

http://www.mest.kr/sub_read.html?uid=11156&section=sc71&section2=

양순임의 유령 '총연맹'(4)
[르뽀] 마이클 최, 국제변호사 수임전말

박선협大기자

Yang Sun Im 粱順任（ヤン・スニム）
▲ © 매스타임즈
(양순임이 마이클최에게 보낸 편지 : 이때만 해도 수임계약이 유효한 상황)

양순임은 대일보상소송을 마이클 최에세 맡겼다. 이미 김0근-손0석-장0희에 "따라 30만불의 수임이 이뤄진 뒤, 마지못해 13만불을 마이클 최에게 주고 대일보상청구 소송에 달려든 앙순임은 올 6월초 이마저 헌신짝 버리듯 '취소'하고 만다.

이는 수임료 환수를 포기한 행위로 회원들의 회비를 남용-월권했다는 비판에서 자유로울 수 없다는 비판대위에 스스로를 세운 꼴이 됐다. 그녀는 변호사수임 취소를 위해 '이사회'를 동원하는 편법을 썼으나, 전체 회원들에게 '눈가리고 아웅'하는 식이 된 것은 불가피한 사실이 됐다. 다음의 편지를 보면 그 실상의 양면성을 역력히 짐작할 수 있다. 이 편지에서 양순임은 매우 시니칼하게도 자신을 '천사'처럼 비호하면서 유족회 내외의 대척점에 선 상대자를 향한 비난의 목소리를 강하게 토로하는 심경이 행간을 메꾸고 있다. 마이클 최에게 보낸 편지내용에 오른 것이 있다.

~ 마이클 최 변호사님
이미 언론을 보고 상황을 알고 계실 줄 압니다. ~

1. 세상에는 수많은 사람들이 얽혀 살면서 때론 서로 아귀다툼도 하면서 부대끼며 살아가고 있는 속에 셀수없는 사기꾼들이 선량한 사람들을 울리면서 자신들의 치부에 만족하는 천벌받을 부류들도 끝없이 함께 섞여 있는 것이 통탄할 일입니다.

2. 현명한 사람들은 당하지 않고 잘 피해 가는데 유독 어리석기 짝이 없는 양순임이 사기꾼들이 짜고 쳐놓은 그물망에 걸려 40년이상 갖은 고통으로 순수하게 바쳐진 젊음과 인생이 그들의 간교한 수법과 모욕으로 더럽혀 졌습니다.

3. 대한민국 매스컴에 양순임이 사기꾼으로 매도되어 도배될 때 그들은 일순간 만족했을지 모르지만 인간의 양심은 하늘을 속일 수 없기 때문에 언젠가 진실이 박혀지고 하늘은 그들을 용서치 않을 것입니다.

4. 특히 변호사와의 수임계약을 한 사실이 없다고 경찰이 확인한 건 바로 방미단 들이었으니 계약서에 싸인한 "로버트 스우프트(KOHNSWFTT & GRAFF P.C)변호사도 그렇게 말하는지 궁금합니다. 김0희-장0희측이 30만불 건네고 양순임이 13만불 건넨건 모두 변호사 수임비였는데 유족회 수임변호사가 아님을 스스로 파기하고, 약속 이행을 안했으니 유족회 수임비는 돌려주셔야 할 것입니다.

5. 국제법 수임변호사가 빈번이 약속을 지키지 않아 계약자가 사기꾼으로 매도되도록 했습니다. 그리고 여러차례 지금까지해온 성과와 앞으로 할 계획을요청해도 요구를 무시하고 명분있는 답변도 없이 오히려 계약자를 범법자로 매도 선동하는 행위에 대해서도 그들과 함꼐(김0근 외)한 변호사로서의 책임이 큽니다. 또한, 변호사님이 실행하기로 한 일들이 이행되지 않은 결과에 대해 모두 사기라는 등, 상당히 유감스럽게 생각하고 있습니다.

6. 그러나 그 많은 모함과 유언비어에도 끝까지 양순임을 믿어준 임원들과 회원들이 있어 이 양순임이 죽지않고(병원에서 현재까지 큰 이상이 없다는 검사결과로 27일(4월)퇴원,천주님께 다시 큰 힘을 얻어) 그치욕을 반드시 회복할 수 있도록 새 변호인단을 선임하여 끝까지"대일민간청구권 보상문제를 해결"할 것을 알립니다.

マイケルチェ弁護士、スイフト弁護士、ヤン・スニム、高木健一弁護士

from left side,lawer Michael Choi, Swift, and Yang Sun-imu, Kenichi Takagi
▲ © 매스타임즈
(마이클최변호사(왼쪽Y셔츠차림 & 스위프트변호사 및 양순임 2009년10월15일 日 다까끼 변호사 사문실에서 : 유족회 방미자료집참고)

7. 2009년10월15일1차 계약시 다까끼 변호사가 수임승락 싸인을 하지 않아서 뺐었고 2010년 1,31 마이클 최변호사와 로버트 스위프트 변호사가 다시 수임계약 싸인후 변호사 수임계약서 서류작성 과정등 100여통 가까운 서신을 모두 경찰이 요구하고 있으니 다 건네고 언론에 공개해 진정 누가 사기꾼인지 밝혀져야 할 것입니다.

8. 2009년 10 초, 일본에 긴급히 방일 요쳥해 헤세드 김0희,장0희와 함께 할 것을 요구할 때 그들의 재판에 "사기다"고 증언한 사실을 말하면서 거부 했을 때, 분명 김0희-장0희측이 10만명이상을 후생성과 우정성에 공탁금 확인요청 접수시켰고 또 10만명이 넘으면 그 과정이 잘못됐다고 해도 사회적 문제가 되니까 변호사님도 계약했다고 괜챦다고 변호사만 알고 함께하는 것을 권고한 분이면서 또한 분명 "천운이 온 것이다"고 까지 말했습니다. 법을 잘 아는 국제변호사가 아무 문제 없으니 믿고 그대신 그들을 잘 리드해서 2009,10,20이전 서류만 받도록 서약서를 받아서 보내달라고 해서 공증까지 해서 보냈습니다.

9. 변호사님은 그들에게 2009.10. 20 이전 명단은 그들이 주장하는 후생성, 우정성 접수명단으로 알고 그렇게 지시한 것 같은데 이 양순임이는 그 명단중에도 피해자만 구제해서 수임계약토록 했고, 일본국을 상대로 사기행위가 되는그들이 과거 잘못받은 명단과 방법은 근절토록 주지, 범법을 못하도록 감시자 역할을 철저히 한 것이 장0희가 불만을 하면서 결별하게 된 원인입니다.

10. 변호사님 권고로 그들을 같이 문제해결 동반자로 추진 했지만 행여 그들이 약속이행을 어길까봐 "살얼음판"이라고 주지한 건 사실이지만 나는 내 역학을 제대로 하기 위해서 그들을 게도했고, 이런 일이 일어나지 않도록 노력한 것입니다. 결국 장0희의 주장을 받아 변호사님이 해결을 약속했다고 새 단체를 만들어 활개를 치게 한 결과가 너무 가혹하고 부끄럽지 않습니까.

11. 이 양순임은 변호사님과 좋은 인연이었고 천운을 받아 목적달성도 할 수 있다고 믿고 앞만 바라보고 뛴 죄로 양순임이 가혹한 현 시련에 주저 앉기는, 보낸 세월이 용납하지 않습니다. 몇번이나 전화롤 서면으로 알렸는데 내 말을 믿지 않은 변호사님도 법에서는 한 일이 없다고 사기라고 하니까 문제 수습을 위해 협조해 주십시요(별첨: 변호사 수임파기)

12. 그동안 손0석,손0용,김0근,장0희측에서 저에게 씌웠던 횡령,배임등의 혐의를 변호사님과 함께 유언비어를 만들어 전국회원들에게 뿌리고 명예를 손상시킨 점에 대해 사죄해야 할 것이며 저의 명예획복에 앞장서겠다는 약속을 지켜 주십시오

1인 3만원씩1만3천5백여ㅓ명 받아 장0희측 추진비 12/3 주고 변호사 수임비 13만불 보내고 그 외는 업ㅂ무추진비로 쓰곻 일부 남을 금약은 경찰이 압수했습니다. 빠른 시일내에 협조해 주시면 감사하겠습니다.

2011.4.28

http://www.mest.kr/sub_read.html?uid=11144&section=sc71&section2=

양순임의 유령 '총연맹'(1)
[르뽀] 양순임의 결정적 허위조작 단체

뱍선협大기자

▲ © 매스타임즈
(양순임회장)
[편집자 주]
태산명동서일필(泰山鳴動鼠一匹: 태산이 떠나갈 듯 떠들썩했으나 나타난 것은 생쥐 한 마리뿐이었다는 뜻으로, 크게 떠벌린 데 비하여 결과는 보잘것없음을 이르는 말)이 있다. 서울경찰청 광역수사대의 (사)태평양전쟁희생자연합회 및 유족회(회장 양순임)에 대한 수사를 두고 나온 말이다. 지난 4월22일 도하 매스콤들은 "태평양전쟁 유족들 상대로 15억 사기친 유족회 회장"이란 타이틀로 일제히 보도한바 있다. 기사에 오른내용이 있다.

<서울경찰청 광역수사대는 태평양전쟁 당시 강제동원된 희생자와 유족을 대신해 일본 정부에서 보상금을 받게 해주겠다며 금품을 받은 혐의(상습사기)로 태평양전쟁 관련 유족회 회장 양모씨(67) 등 39명을 불구속 입건했다고 22일 밝혔다. 경찰에 따르면 양씨와 이 단체 사무총장 임모씨, 또 다른 희생자회 대표 장모씨 등은 지난해 3월부터 올 1월까지 서울 종로구에서 대일(對日) 소송단체 사무실을 운영하면서 "일본정부 등을 상대로 소송해 보상금 2000여만원을 받아주겠다"며 피해자들로부터 회원 등록비와 변호인 선임비 명목으로 총 15억원을 받아 챙겼다. 이들은 애초 회원 모집 때 약속했던 소송 등의 절차는 형식적인 자문 변호사를 선임한 것 외에는 이행하지 않았으며, 강제동원 희생자가 아니더라도 그 시기에 살았거나 대한민국 국민이라면 누구나 보상이 가능하다며 가입을 권유한 경우도 있었던 것으로 드러났다. 경찰관계자는 "양씨 등의 계좌에 있는 1억5000만원에 대해 몰수, 보전 신청을 할 예정"이라고 밝혔다>...........................

그로부터 8개월(내사단계로부터 1년)광역수사대는 11월 29일 이 사건을 종결짓고 '불구속기소 의견을 달아 사건을 서울지검으로 송치한 것으로 알려졌다. 사기황령5억원이상이면,'특정범죄가중처벌법'에 따랄 즉각 구속된다는 관례가 무시된 흔적이 역력하다.

유족회장 양순임의 불법성 여부는 제2라운드로 접어든 셈. 유죄증빙자료를 둘러싼 법정공방이 본격화될 단계다. 실체적진실 규명을 위한 사직당국과 진정자-피진정자 사이에서 지난 1년은 사건을 지켜본 유족사회가 매우 큰 긴장감을 겪은 긴 시간. 탐문과 취재를 통해 측근거리에서 지켜 본 매스타임즈는 이를 재 조명,유족사회의 정화작업의 푯대를 생각하는 국민에게 알권리의 진상을 밝히코자 이 기획르뽀를 만든다.

양순임회장의 결정적 비리사실이라할 유령단체'총연맹'의 실체를 둘러싼 내막을 확연히 드러냄으로서 앞으로 전개될 법적다툼에서 독과 득을 독자와 함계 따따부따 밝히게 될 것이다...................................

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양순임회장의 '총연맹'창립총회 회의자료

(사)태평양전쟁희생자총연맹(총재 양순임]이 등장한 것은 2011년 5월 08일이다.
이날, 양순임은 아들 임원희(사무총장)을 시켜 문서번호:태민연11-05-001을 만들었다.
전국이사 및 회원들을 대상으로 '태평양전쟁희생자총연맹-발기이사회' 괴문서를 돌리기에 이른다. 장소는 세종대로지하1층189 1층1호였다.

이 문건에서 양순임은, 1) 대일보상신보-신문자료 2) 마라톤-홈피주소,사진 3) 총연맹창설 4) 대구재판-유0기부총재~ 6) 회원서류증빙자료 확인작업-대구명단. 7) 양순임회장 보필-임원희사무총장. 8) 희생자단체 전국통합-임원희사무총장. 9) 일본국회의 자료조사-임원희사무총장. 12) 용산및 단체통합-임원희사무총장. 13) 국회 및 위원회견-보도자료. 14) 총재추인건 보고 -이주영,이귀래,최종징이사. 15) 찬반설명-임원희총장외. 16) 투표 및 결의 발표. 17) 정관통과 및 임원단 추인승인 건 18) 기타 태민총연맹웹사이트 운영계획서-임원희총장, 이0 열담당팀장 등을 다뤘다.

양순임은 사이트 맵에서 '태민총연맹'을 중심으로 인터넷신문사-소송단-쇼핑몰-재단홈페이지운영 항목을 삽입, 본격적인 이 유령단체의 가동을 목표로 했다.
이러한 시도는 그동안 대일보상청구 명목으로 수 많은 회원들로 부터 회비를 받아 온 사실을 은폐하고 이를 국면전환용으로 활용하여 회원들과 국민 및 정부나 사직당국의 눈길을 돌려보고자 획책한 것으로 보인다.

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('총연맹' 이름의 '청구권소송용 회비수납 영수증'자료)

결국, '총연맹'이란 유령단체를 통해 올 4월에서 8월에 이르기까지 '회비'를 걷어 온 것이 드러난 것은 '광역수사대'의 수사칼날로 부터 훨씬 시간이 지난 뒤였다. 수사의 와중에서도 '청구권소송 영수증'이란 이름의 이 전표는 회원 약 5천명으로 부터 1인당 9만원을 받으면서(소송제경비 삼만원-회원년회비 2만원-신규등록비 사만원)을 받아 가로채기에 이른다. 이 자료를 광역수사대는 초동수사나 중간수사 나아가 종결전 수사과정에서 전혀 확보하지 못했다. 그래서 '유령'이 되고 만것. 무려 40명 가까운 방대한 증인(참고인)조사과정에서도 허탕치기로 개미채바퀴를 돈 셈.

양순임을 중심으로한 이 다단계식 중간책임자들은 회원들로부터 받은 '회비'란 회원들의 눈가림용 돈을 양순임 또는 임원희의 개인통장과 유족회통장등으로 분산 송금함으로서 수사망을 교묘히 피해나간 정황이 속속 드러나기도 했다. 이 과정에서 중간책(지부장, 지회장등)들의 활동비조로 일정금액을 지급하고 받는가하면, 사무실임대비용-인건비등으로 살포됐다.

과정에서 소위 대납형식을 밟은 중간입금책들은 수천만원에서 심지어 수억원을 양순임-임원희에게 송금하고도 닭쫓던 개犬 지붕처다보는 격으로 '양-임등이 수십배의 '보상금'을 일본으로 부터 받아다 주겠다, 한국 기업체들에서 받아내 쏘아주겟다는등의 약속을 믿다가 결국 식은 죽먹듯 말을 바꾸고 재탕삼탕으로 연기하는 수법을 되풀이 하는 바람에 속만 태우면서 속임수를 모른채 기대심리를 부풀리게했다. '총연맹창립'과정을 비판한 기사에 오른 것이 있다.

5월8일자 인터넷신문 매스타임즈www.mest.kr 은 '총연맹불법성 논란 휩싸여'란 제목으로 다음과 같이 보도됐다.

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'태평양전쟁희생자총연맹'발족을 선언,사회를 본 임원희씨(이날 부총재로 추대됨
'태평양전쟁희생자총연맹'발족을 두고 불법성논란이 불거졌다.
8일오후 소위 '태평양전쟁희생자총연맹(가칭)'은 발기총회를 빌미로 이와같은 법적논란에 휩싸이면서 전도가 의혹적이라는 지적을 받고 있다.

이날 '연맹'발족을 주도한 임-이-최-김-유아무개로 구성된 지도그룹은 70명가까운 인원을 동원한 것까지는 좋았으나, 조직의 기본인 정관을 제시(배포)치도 않은채 미리 짜여진 시나리오로 추정된 순서대로 회의를 진행, 절차상 하자를 저지름으로서 불법연맹발족이라는 비판에 직면하게 된것.

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불법성회의자료로 지칭된 '사단법인태평양전쟁희생자유족회 양순임총재사칭서류

연맹발족 총회는 미리 배포된 회의자료에서 '사단법인 태평양전쟁희생자유족회 총재 양순임' 이름으로 1) '총연맹 신규발족건 2)전국연합회정관변경 및 명칭개칭건 3)승인취득결과이후 조직통합건과 4)기타로 연합회명칭개정에 대한 진행담당자의 추인 및 사무직원 권한범위등을 다루고자 했으나 회순 2)항이하가 회의 절차상 불법(양순임전국연합회회장의 명칭사용 문제)이란 사실이 드러나 이를 지적한 박모(유족회고문)의 반대발언에도 불구 54대6이란 숫자로 이를 통과, 향후 법적정통성은 물론, 절차적 미비로 인해 당국의 승인을 치르는데 치열한 다툼이 벌어질 의혹을 남겼다는 것이 '유족회'관계자들의 한결같은 촌평.

특히 유족회 감사를 맡고 있는 강아무개, 생존자협회 회장인 김아무개, 유족회 부회장인 문아무개, 유족회 회원인 정아무개씨등은 "이런 회의는 완전 불법이며 엄연히 존재하는 전국연합회 회원과 임원(대의원 이사, 회장단포함)들을 무시한 처사로 그에 따른 책임은 연맹주도자들이 응분의 대가를 치러야 할 것"이라고 성토했다.

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사단법인 태평양전쟁희생자총연맹 발족식에서, 국민의례를 거행중인 참석자들

무엇보다, 이들 비판자들은 전국연합회회장의 사퇴서도 받지 않은 채 이를 기정사실화 하려한 "추후 사퇴받는 조건으로 유아무개 씨를 대행체제로 삼아 통과의례를 밟자고 결의한 사실은 마땅히 중벌깜"이라면서 "추후 전국연합회 및 유족회 이사회를 열어 이를 바로잡아나갈 것이며 의법조치도 검토할 것"이라고 말해 적지않은 진통을 겪을 것으로 예상된다.

더구나 '유족회회장 양순임씨가 광역수사대에 따라 이미 수사대상인 점을 감안할 때, 불명예를 감수하고 있는 마당에 국내외적으로 이를 회복시키지 않을 경우 닥칠 국민적인 불신의 목소리가 커질 것이란 우려가 짙은 가운데 벌어진 이 불볍성의혹이 깔린 총연맹발족 카드는 상당한 암초에 맏닥뜨릴 공산을 자아내게 하고 있다.

한편, 양순임 연합 및 유족회 회장은 "결사의 자유가 있기 때문에 '총연맹'이든 무슨 단체를 만들든말든 가타부타할 입장이 아니지만, 유족회나 연합회가 연맹조직 발족과는 무관하게 정통성있는 단체로서 명예회복을 향해 독자적으로 매진 할 것"이라면서, "일단 내부절차를 거쳐 적절한 대응조치를 취해 나갈 것"이라고 밝혔다.

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태평양전쟁희생자총연맹 총재로 추대된 김석호씨(06.07일 14시:43 인터뷰)

이날 '총연맹발족'에서는 형식상 총재인 양순임과 함께 신임총재로 김석호(주)태천종합건축대표, 부총재로 임원희, 이주영 두 사람이 추대됐다. 김총재는 추대수락 연설에서 "미력을 다해 여러분의 기대에 부응해 나갈 생각이다"고 말했다. 그러나 회의가 지난 뒤 김석호씨는 大기자와의 인터뷰에서 "그냥 총재후보자로서 지켜보고 있을 뿐 아직 공식수락을 공언한 사실이 없다"고 완강히 부인했다.